Ethical Dimensions of Population-Based Lung Cancer Screening in Canada: Key Informant Qualitative Description Study.

Normative issues associated with the design and implementation of population-based lung cancer screening policies are underexamined. This study was an exposition of the ethical justification for screening and potential ethical issues and their solutions in Canadian jurisdictions. A qualitative description study was conducted.

Long-term Follow-up After an Initial Episode of Diverticulitis: A 13- Year Update.

Background: For patients with recurrent diverticulitis, the trigger to proceed to elective sigmoid colectomy is unclear. Current clinical practice guidelines suggest this is an individualized decision between surgeon and patient.

Objective: To assess long-term risk of diverticulitis recurrence and determine predictors of recurrent disease.

Matters of Fidelity: School Provider Adherence and Competence in a Clustered Study of Adaptive Implementation Strategies.

Schools are a promising access point for youth with mental health concerns, but school-based mental health professionals (SPs) often need ongoing support to provide high-fidelity cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Adherence and competence, two critical elements of fidelity, were examined in a cluster-randomized implementation trial. We evaluated CBT adherence and then triangulated CBT adherence with end-of-study competence.

Building Engagement-Capable Environments for Health System Transformation: Development and Early Implementation of a Capability Framework for Patient, Family and Caregiver Engagement in Ontario Health Teams.

Introduction: Despite widespread calls to involve patients, families and caregivers (PFCs) as partners at all levels of health system planning and design, there is unevenness in how engagement efforts are supported across these settings. The concept of 'engagement-capable environments' offers a way forward to uncover the key requirements for sustainable, high-quality engagement, but more work is needed to identify the specific competencies required to create these environments. We addressed this gap by developing a capability framework for Ontario Health Teams (OHTs), a newly established structure for planning, designing, organizing and delivering care in Ontario, Canada.

Public Deliberation for Ethically Complex Policies: The Case of Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada.

Almost 50,000 people in Canada have had a medically assisted death since federal legislation was passed in 2016. Still, the debate about the permissibility of medical assistance in dying (MAiD) continues to rage. The central role of shared values and ethics in public policy making emphasizes the importance of engaging the public, particularly around heavily value-laden issues such as MAiD.

Whom Do I Trust to Represent Me? Long-Term Care Resident and Family Perspectives on Legitimate Representation.

Introduction: Public engagement in long-term care policy making in Canada has primarily focused on "intermediary agents" who speak on behalf of long-term care (LTC) residents and their family caregivers. Yet the legitimacy of these intermediaries, as perceived by those they represent, has gone largely unexplored. This study examines LTC resident and family perspectives on who can legitimately represent them in LTC policy making.

Trends in Government-Initiated Public Engagement in Canadian Health Policy From 2000 to 2021.

Introduction: Canada has a rich history of public engagement in health policy; however, shifts in engagement practices over time have not been critically examined.

Methodology: We searched for cases of government-initiated public engagement in Canadian health policy from 2000 to 2021 at the federal, provincial (Ontario, British Columbia, Nova Scotia) and pan-Canadian levels. Government databases, portals and platforms for engagement were searched, followed by academic and grey literature using relevant search terms.

Public Engagement in Canadian Health Policy: Looking Back, Taking Stock and Charting the Future.

Canada has a rich history of public engagement in the health policy sector. However, current political, economic and social challenges call for critical reflection on this history, to assess whether current approaches to engaging Canadian are up to the task, and what adaptations or new approaches might be needed. If the persisting inequities in health systems across Canada are going to be addressed, it is imperative that those designing, developing and implementing policies find ways to reflect the needs and preferences of the communities and populations most adversely affected by these inequities in their decisions.

Anorectal Abscess.

Anorectal abscesses are a common colorectal emergency. The hallmark of treatment is obtaining source control while avoiding injury to the underlying sphincter complex. Understanding the anatomy of an anorectal abscess is critical to planning the appropriate drainage strategy and decreasing the risk of complex fistula formation.

State Department of Health's Equitable Funding Allocation Methodology to Address COVID-19 Health Disparities Among High-Risk and Underserved Populations.

The Washington State Department of Health developed an equitable funding allocation methodology incorporating quantitative and qualitative decision-making components. We describe the methodology and an implementation evaluation performed by an external evaluation team using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) evaluation framework. The evaluation team concluded that the methodology was developed in a way that used a racial equity lens and prioritized intersectionalities in the communities that the funding was intended to serve.

The Cortisol Awakening Response: Regulation and Functional Significance.

In healthy individuals, the majority of cortisol secretion occurs within several hours surrounding morning awakening. A highly studied component of this secretory period is the cortisol awakening response (CAR), the rapid increase in cortisol levels across the first 30 to 45 minutes after morning awakening. This strong cortisol burst at the start of the active phase has been proposed to be functional in preparing the organism for the challenges of the upcoming day.

Student mental health outcomes of a clustered SMART for developing an adaptive implementation strategy to support school-based CBT delivery.

Purpose: Most youth experiencing anxiety/depression lack access to evidence-based mental health practices (EBPs). School-delivered care improves access, and various support can help school professionals (SPs; school social workers, counselors) deliver EBPs, like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Understanding implementation strategies' impact on downstream mental health outcomes is crucial to scaling up EBPs to address the treatment gap, but it has rarely been assessed.

Patient partner perspectives on compensation: Insights from the Canadian Patient Partner Survey.

Introduction: There is a growing role for patients, family members and caregivers as consultants, collaborators and partners in health system settings in Canada. However, compensation for this role is not systematized. When offered, it varies in both type (e.

Patient and public involvement in international research: Perspectives of a team of researchers from six countries on collaborating with people with lived experiences of dementia and end-of-life.

Background: Patient and public involvement (PPI) is a critical priority in research, policy, academia and advocacy organizations. PPI in dementia research is gaining momentum. However, these efforts are missing in international projects aimed at those living with advanced dementia in long-term care (LTC) homes.

Co-designing a participatory evaluation of older adult partner engagement in the mcmaster collaborative for health and aging.

Engagement of patients and the public in health research is crucial for ensuring research relevance and alignment with community needs. However, there is a lack of nuanced evaluations and examples that promote collaborative and reflective learning about partnerships with partners. The aim of this paper is to provide a case example of a participatory evaluation of the engagement of older adult partners in an aging-focused research centre.

Patient perspectives on pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing for antidepressant prescribing in primary care: a qualitative description study.

Many patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) try multiple antidepressants before finding one that works well and is tolerable. Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing was developed to facilitate more efficacious prescribing. This technology has not been robustly implemented clinically.

Stakeholder participation in the COVID-19 pandemic preparedness and response plans: A synthesis of findings from 70 countries.

Stakeholder participation is a key component of a fair and equitable priority-setting in health. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for fair and equitable priority setting, and hence, stakeholder participation. To date, there is limited literature on stakeholder participation in the development of the pandemic plans (including the priority setting plans) that were rapidly developed during the pandemic.