Parent Engagement with a School-Based Health Center Consent Process Predicts Student Attendance and School Transition.

Background: School-based health centers (SBHCs) fill critical pediatric health care access gaps but typically require parental consent for enrollment. Families' responses to SBHC consent form outreach efforts may reflect broader school engagement. This study investigated whether SBHC consent form return predicted subsequent chronic absenteeism and school transition, indicators of student and family school engagement.

Deciphering cellular and molecular determinants of human DPCD protein in complex with RUVBL1/RUVBL2 AAA-ATPases.

DPCD is a protein that may play a role in cilia formation and whose absence leads to primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare disease caused by impairment of ciliated cells. Except for high-throughput studies that identified DPCD as a possible RUVBL1 (R1) and RUVBL2 (R2) partner, no in-depth cellular, biochemical, and structural investigation involving DPCD have been reported so far. R1 and R2 proteins are ubiquitous highly conserved AAA + family ATPases that assemble and mature a plethora of macromolecular complexes and are pivotal in numerous cellular processes, especially by guaranteeing a co-chaperoning function within R2TP or R2TP-like machineries.

The interaction between RPAP3 and TRBP reveals a possible involvement of the HSP90/R2TP chaperone complex in the regulation of miRNA activity.

MicroRNAs silence mRNAs by guiding the RISC complex. RISC assembly occurs following cleavage of pre-miRNAs by Dicer, assisted by TRBP or PACT, and the transfer of miRNAs to AGO proteins. The R2TP complex is an HSP90 co-chaperone involved in the assembly of ribonucleoprotein particles.

Gene Reporter Assays to Study miRNA Function.

This chapter describes one of the most reliable quantitative assays to test the silencing of a possible target gene by a specific miRNA using a luciferase reporter gene. The experimental procedure first consists in cloning both the wild-type and mutated forms of the 3'UTR of the miRNA-predicted mRNA target downstream of a firefly luciferase reporter. Next, each construct is co-transfected together with the miRNA into HeLa cells, and the reporter expression is monitored.

Stem-Loop qRT-PCR-Based Quantification of miRNAs.

Stem-loop qRT-PCR is one of the most commonly used real-time PCR approach to quantify small non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs. The quantification method is divided in two steps. First, RNA is reverse transcribed using a specific stem-loop primer, and the resulting RT product is subsequently used as a template for quantitative real-time PCR.

RNA Precipitation.

Precipitation is a critical step to recover RNA of high purity. This chapter describes the principles of alcoholic precipitation as well as a standard, basic protocol with key advices to observe, but numerous variations on the theme are discussed. Indeed, several important parameters, such as the choice of salt, alcohol, or carrier, have to be considered to improve the efficiency of precipitation and the yield of RNA recovery.

Regulatory Non-Coding RNAs: An Overview.

The discovery of new classes of non-coding RNAs has always been preceded or accompanied by technological breakthroughs, and these outstanding progresses in transcriptomics approaches enabled to regularly add new members to the list. From the first detection of tRNAs, through the revolution of miRNAs discovery, to the recent identification of eRNAs or the identification of new functions for already known ncRNAs, this introductive review provides a very concise historical and functional overview of most prominent small regulatory non-coding RNA families.

NOPCHAP1 is a PAQosome cofactor that helps loading NOP58 on RUVBL1/2 during box C/D snoRNP biogenesis.

The PAQosome is a large complex composed of the HSP90/R2TP chaperone and a prefoldin-like module. It promotes the biogenesis of cellular machineries but it is unclear how it discriminates closely related client proteins. Among the main PAQosome clients are C/D snoRNPs and in particular their core protein NOP58.

Symmetry Effects in Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Chlorin-Quinone Dyads: Adiabatic Suppression in the Marcus Inverted Region.

In donor-acceptor dyads undergoing photoinduced electron transfer (PET), a direction or pathway for electron movement is usually dictated by the redox properties and the separation distance between the donor and acceptor subunits, while the effect of symmetry is less recognized. We have designed and synthesized two isomeric donor-acceptor assemblies in which electronic coupling between donor and acceptor is altered by the orbital symmetry control with the reorganization energy and charge transfer exothermicity being kept unchanged. Analysis of the optical absorption and luminescence spectra, supported by the DFT and TD-DFT calculations, showed that PET in these assemblies corresponds to the Marcus inverted region (MIR) and has larger rate for isomer with weaker electronic coupling.

SnoRNAs and the emerging class of sdRNAs: Multifaceted players in oncogenesis.

Small nucleolar RNAs are generally involved in the modification of target ribosomal RNAs. Other possible functions recently emerged with the discovery of the novel class of snoRNA-derived RNAs or sdRNAs. Since then, additional data has revealed the involvement of both snoRNAs and sdRNAs in tumorigenesis.

Deep Structural Analysis of RPAP3 and PIH1D1, Two Components of the HSP90 Co-chaperone R2TP Complex.

RPAP3 and PIH1D1 are part of the HSP90 co-chaperone R2TP complex involved in the assembly process of many molecular machines. In this study, we performed a deep structural investigation of the HSP binding abilities of the two TPR domains of RPAP3. We combined 3D NMR, non-denaturing MS, and ITC techniques with Y2H, IP-LUMIER, FRET, and ATPase activity assays and explain the fundamental role played by the second TPR domain of RPAP3 in the specific recruitment of HSP90.

The RPAP3-Cterminal domain identifies R2TP-like quaternary chaperones.

R2TP is an HSP90 co-chaperone that assembles important macro-molecular machineries. It is composed of an RPAP3-PIH1D1 heterodimer, which binds the two essential AAA+ATPases RUVBL1/RUVBL2. Here, we resolve the structure of the conserved C-terminal domain of RPAP3, and we show that it directly binds RUVBL1/RUVBL2 hexamers.

Gene expression knockdown by transfection of siRNAs into mammalian cells.

SiRNA induced gene silencing or RNA interference is a powerful tool to knock down gene expression and perform gene function studies. In this chapter, we describe a basic method to silence gene expression by transfecting a specific synthetic siRNA into mammalian HeLa cells.

Small non-coding RNAs: a quick look in the rearview mirror.

The revolution of miRNA discovery, in the early 2000s, shed a new light in the exciting field of small non-coding RNAs. Since then, and owing to outstanding breakthroughs in RNomic techniques, novel small non-coding RNA families have been regularly discovered, e.g.

[Beyond usual functions of snoRNAs].

Small nucleolar RNAs or snoRNAs, principally implicated in post-transcriptional chemical modification of other RNAs, were among the first non-coding RNA identified, together with ribosomal and transfer RNA. Lately, snoRNA have been involved in various unexpected functions, which renewed researcher's interest for these molecules. SnoRNA processing into smaller functional RNA species (sdRNA for snoRNA-derived RNA) or into miRNA (sno-miR), snoRNA mediated regulation of messenger RNA alternative splicing or snoRNA links to human disorders, including cancers, are some of the topics developed in this review.

Disparity in orthodontic utilization and treatment need among high school students.

Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the disparity in utilization of orthodontic services among high school students and to measure and characterize the extent of unmet treatment needs among untreated students at the time of examination.

Methods: The sample consisted of 2,808 tenth grade students enrolled in different public and private high schools. All subjects completed a dental survey that included questions on demographic, dental health, and orthodontic services, and assessment of smile using the visual analog scale.

Young, disadvantaged fathers' involvement with their infants: an ecological perspective.

Purpose: To investigate fathers' involvement with their children using an ecological model, multiple respondents, and a comprehensive definition of fathers' involvement. The study's primary objectives were: (a) to describe the characteristics of fathers whose infants are born to low-income, urban, African-American adolescent mothers; (b) to describe the ways in which fathers are involved with their children; and (c) to identify factors associated with fathers' involvement.

Methods: A total of 181 first-time mothers (aged <18 years) living in three-generation households (infant, mother, and grandmother) were recruited from three urban hospitals shortly after delivery and invited to participate in a longitudinal study of parenting.

Home and videotape intervention delays early complementary feeding among adolescent mothers.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and the World Health Organization recommend that infants receive only breast milk or formula for the first 4 to 6 months of life, followed by the introduction of complementary foods. Despite these recommendations, many infants, particularly those with adolescent mothers, receive solid foods (often cereal mixed with formula in a bottle) and liquids other than formula or breast milk in the first few weeks of life. Decisions on early feeding are often guided by grandmothers and influenced by beliefs that infants need complementary food to counteract signals of hunger, reduce crying, and sleep through the night.

On the evolutionary origin of the plant mitochondrion and its genome.

Higher plants occupy very different positions in the mitochondrial and nuclear lineages of global phylogenetic trees based on conserved regions of small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rRNA sequences. In the nuclear subtree, plants branch off late, at a position reflecting a massive radiation of the major multicellular (and some unicellular) groups; in the mitochondrial subtree, in contrast, plants branch off early, near the point of connection between the mitochondrial and eubacterial lineages. Moreover, in the nuclear lineage, plants branch together with the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, whereas in the mitochondrial lineage (in both SSU and LSU trees), metaphytes and chlorophyte branch separately.

The evolutionary relationships among known life forms.

Sequences of small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA genes from archaebacteria, eubacteria, and the nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria of eukaryotes have been compared in order to identify the most conservative positions. Aligned sets of these positions for both SSU and LSU rRNA have been used to generate tree diagrams relating the source organisms/organelles. Branching patterns were evaluated using the statistical bootstrapping technique.