[Patient safety in nursing homes. The experience of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia].

The pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of residential centers and the fragility of the population that lives there. In the Region of Murcia, care for this population group became a priority and a regional plan was drawn up to attend the needs of residents from the ethical framework of procedural justice. The immediacy imposed by the health crisis has meant that all this intervention is not without risks.

[Cognitive, ethical, social and political aspects in risk assessment: regarding vaccines against SARS-CoV-2].

Risk is a concept that is usually evaluated by scientists and public health experts by comparing probabilities. However, this ethical utilitarian perspective, which considers that the best decision is the one that has less probability of harm than of benefit, does not consider normative aspects based on other ethical perspectives. Interpreting the origin of public controversies arising from people's reactions to the small risks of attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and evaluating the responses of public institutions requires an understanding of both the cognitive aspects that introduce systematic biases in the assessment of probabilities and the sociological, ethical, and political framework that contextualizes risk management in modern societies.

[Family Medicine in the face of the law on medical aid in dying responsibility and guarantees].

The approval of the euthanasia law represents a challenge for medicine and culminates a process of civic maturation of society in the face of death. There are challenges that the application of the law will have to meet. Seeking an objective and irreversible medical solution to subjective suffering - where there may be conditioning social determinants - implies a serious risk of inequity that requires policies that establish a pre-decisional guaranteeing framework.

[Ethical aspects of overdiagnosis: Between the utilitarianism and the ethics of responsibility].

Overdiagnosis is an emerging and unexpected phenomenon in medicine with multiple causes: social, cognitive and technical. The most prevalent ethical assessment is the utilitarian one: in medicine it is not ethical to carry out any intervention with a negative benefit risk balance. However, there are non-utilitarian moral criteria, based on principles or individual rights, and personal utilities that must also be considered in the decision-making processes.