Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Treatment of Upper Limb Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of childhood disability globally. Botulinum toxin A injections are widely used to manage limb spasticity in children with CP. Intramuscular botulinum toxin A has been used in the upper limbs of children with CP to manage preoperative and postoperative pain, facilitate nursing, and achieve functional and/or cosmetic improvement of hand position.

Passive Range-of-Motion Exercise and Bone Mineralization in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To assess the effect of range-of-motion exercise program on bone mineralization and somatic growth of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Study Design: A total of 36 VLBW infants were randomized into 18 VLBW infants receiving range-of-motion exercise and 18 VLBW control infants receiving tactile stimulation for 4 weeks. Laboratory investigations were performed at baseline and postexercise and included serum calcium, serum phosphorus (s.

Neurophysiologic study in idiopathic overactive bladder.

Aim: Idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent, mystifying disorder with a questionable neurogenic background. We aimed to investigate the possible subtle neuropathic affection underlying its pathogenesis.

Methods: A cross-sectional cut off study was carried out on a series of 38 females with idiopathic OAB and 22 healthy matched female volunteers.

Cerebral blood flow and serum neuron-specific enolase in early-onset neonatal sepsis.

Background And Objectives: Sepsis leads to systemic inflammatory response with cerebral blood flow (CBF) alteration and blood-brain barrier disruption that contribute to sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). We aimed to evaluate cord blood neuron-specific enolase (cNSE) and CBF in early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) as predictors of SAE and to define short-term neurodevelopmental outcomes among survivors.

Methods: cNSE was measured in 200 neonates with antenatal risk factors for EONS, stratified into two groups: sepsis (n = 96) and no-sepsis (n = 104).

Proposed Sonographic Criteria for the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome.

Objective: To propose new sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS).

Design: Prospective case-control study.

Setting: Academic referral center.

Anatomical bases of endoscopic tarsal tunnel release: anatomical and ultra-sonographic study with a preliminary clinical report.

Purpose: The purpose of our study is to present the anatomical bases of a new technique for endoscopic tarsal release and to report the preliminary clinical outcome for this technique.

Method: Anatomical study The technique was performed on 12 intact adult lower limb specimens. The location of portals was evaluated as well as the integrity of the neurovascular bundle.