Radio-carpal wrist MR arthrography: comparison of ultrasound with fluoroscopy and palpation-guided injections.

Objective: To compare ultrasound- (US), fluoroscopy- (FL), and palpation-guided contrast injection techniques used for dorsal radio-carpal wrist MRA.

Materials And Methods: Patients with chronic wrist pain were randomized as to which injection technique they underwent into three groups of 50 participants. Dorsal radio-carpal contrast injection was performed under US, FL guidance (one radiologist for each), or palpation guidance by an orthopedic surgeon.

Shoulder MR Arthrography: Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Contrast Injection Techniques Using an Anterior Approach.

Background: MR arthrography (MRA) is commonly used in the assessment of shoulder internal derangements. Correct intra-articular contrast injection is required for this modality. Anterior injections under fluoroscopic, ultrasound-guidance, or without image-guidance have been described in the literature.

The role of the endophytic fungus, Thermomyces lanuginosus, on mitigation of heat stress to its host desert plant Cullen plicata.

Introduction: Endophytic fungi associated with desert plants have a crucial role to enable these plants to tolerate abiotic stress, such as heat and drought.

Methods: In this study, a thermophilic fungal endophyte was isolated from a hot desert-adapted plant, Cullen plicata Delile. The endophytic fungus was (molecularly) identified as Thermomyces lanuginosus, and inoculated plants were coded as E+ and the control as E-.