Antibiotic-induced gut microbe dysbiosis alters neurobehavior in mice through modulation of BDNF and gut integrity.

Gut microbiota is essential for intestinal integrity and brain functions. Herein we aimed to investigate the effects of alteration of gut microbiome using broad-spectrum antibiotics on CD 1 male mice (germ-modified group (GM). Moreover, we co-administrated probiotics with or without antibiotics for four weeks and evaluated if probiotics could reverse these behavioral and intestinal effects.

Resveratrol ameliorates the behavioural and molecular changes in rats exposed to uninephrectomy: role of hippocampal SIRT1, BDNF and AChE.

Subtle memory and cognitive changes may occur in uninephrectomized (Unix) patients long before the development of chronic kidney disease, such changes may be unnoticed. The dietary polyphenol, Resveratrol, displayed various neuroprotective effects, its role in chronic kidney disease is an area of intense studies. This work was designed to investigate the behavioural and molecular changes that may occur following 7 months of Unix in rats, and to determine whether Resveratrol intake can improve such pathology.

In vitro differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells into neural precursor cells using small molecules.

Background: Neurogenic differentiation of human marrow stromal stem cells (hMSCs) into neural precursor cells (NPCs) offers new hope in many neurological diseases. Stromal cells can be differentiated into NPCs using small molecules acting as chemical inducers. The aim of this study is to formulate an efficient, direct, fast and safe protocol to differentiate hMSCs into NPCs using different inducers: b-mercaptoethanol (BME), triiodothyronine (T3), and curcumin (CUR).

Cortical tau burden and behavioural dysfunctions in mice exposed to monosodium glutamate in early life.

Although monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced neurotoxicity has been recognized for decades, the potential similarities of the MSG model to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type neuropathology have only recently been investigated. MSG-treated mice were examined behaviourally and histologically in relation to some features of AD. Four-week old mice received 5 subcutaneous MSG (2 g/kg) injections on alternate days, or saline.

LINGO-1 siRNA nanoparticles promote central remyelination in ethidium bromide-induced demyelination in rats.

Multiple sclerosis is among the most common causes of neurological disabilities in young adults. Over the past decade, several therapeutic strategies have emerged as having potential neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties. We investigated the effect of intranasal administration of LINGO-1-directed siRNA-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on demyelination and remyelination processes in a rat model of demyelination.

Impact of exercise and vitamin B1 intake on hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor and spatial memory performance in a rat model of stress.

Chronic stress affects brain areas involved in learning and emotional responses through modulation of neurotropic factors or neurotransmitters. Therefore, we investigated the role of exercise and thiamine supplementation on spatial memory and on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and acetylcholine (Ach) content in the hippocampus of the stressed animals. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (8 rats/group): control group; stress group; swimming and stress group; and thiamine and stress group.

Monosodium glutamate neurotoxicity increases beta amyloid in the rat hippocampus: a potential role for cyclic AMP protein kinase.

Background: Glutamate excitotoxicity and cyclic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are both recognized as important mediators in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objectives: To investigate whether oral or subcutaneous monosodium glutamate (MSG) neurotoxicity mimics some features of AD and whether these can be reversed by the AMPK activator Pioglitazone.

Methods: Male Wistar rats aged 5 weeks were administered oral or subcutaneous MSG for 10 days with or without daily oral Pioglitazone.