Relationship of microvascular density and tumor-associated macrophages with orofacial squamous cell carcinoma progression.

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the characteristics of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and their association with microvascular density (MVD) in tumor progression in different grades of orofacial squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Pakistani population.

Study Design: This prospective study included 234 patients with oral cancer reported at different hospitals in Pakistan diagnosed with OSCC. Tumors were graded on the Anneroth grading system and the association between the frequency of TAMs and MVD was examined in vivo.

Impact of Language Barriers in Doctor - Patient Relationship: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: To explore the problems faced by recent medical graduates in communication with their patients due to language barriers and the influence of these language barriers on the doctor-patient relationship.

Methods: A basic qualitative study was conducted at Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital Sialkot, Services Hospital Lahore and Mayo Hospital Lahore over eight months after receiving approval from the Ethical Review Board of the University of Lahore. Twelve recent medical graduates from different departments were selected via a purposive sampling technique.