Evaluating land use and climate change impacts on Ravi river flows using GIS and hydrological modeling approach.

The study investigates the interplay of land use dynamics and climate change on the hydrological regime of the Ravi River using a comprehensive approach integrating Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing, and hydrological modeling at the catchment scale. Employing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, simulations were conducted to evaluate the hydrological response of the Ravi River to both current conditions and projected future scenarios of land use and climate change. This study differs from previous ones by simulating future land use and climate scenarios, offering a solid framework for understanding their impact on river flow dynamics.

Pyrolyzed and unpyrolyzed residues enhance maize yield under varying rates of application and fertilization regimes.

Biochar is increasingly gaining popularity due to its extensive recommendation as a potential solution for addressing the concerns of food security and climate change in agroecosystems, with biochar application for increased carbon sequestration, enhanced soil fertility, improved soil health, and increased crop yield and quality. There have been multiple studies on crop yield utilizing various biochar types and application amounts; however, none have focused on the influence of diverse biochar types at various pyrolysis temperatures with different application amounts and the integration of fertilizer regimes in maize crops. Therefore, a two-year factorial field experiment was designed in a temperate Himalayan region of India (THRI) to evaluate the residual effect of different biochar on maize yield under different pyrolysis temperatures, various application rates and fertilizer regimes.

Biochar influences nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in two texturally different soils.

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are vital for crop growth. However, most agricultural systems have limited inherent ability to supply N and P to crops. Biochars (BCs) are strongly advocated in agrosystems and are known to improve the availability of N and P in crops through different chemical transformations.

Interactive effects of long-term management of crop residue and phosphorus fertilization on wheat productivity and soil health in the rice-wheat.

In the context of degradation of soil health, environmental pollution, and yield stagnation in the rice-wheat system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia, an experiment was established in split plot design to assess the long-term effect of crop residue management on productivity and phosphorus requirement of wheat in rice-wheat system. The experiment comprised of six crop residue management practices as the main treatment factor with three levels (0, 30 and 60 kg PO ha) of phosphorus fertilizer as sub-treatments. Significant improvement in soil aggregation, bulk density, and infiltration rate was observed under residue management (retention/incorporation) treatments compared to residue removal or residue burning.

Modeling of soil moisture movement and wetting behavior under point-source trickle irrigation.

The design and selection of ideal emitter discharge rates can be aided by accurate information regarding the wetted soil pattern under surface drip irrigation. The current field investigation was conducted in an apple orchard in SKUAST- Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, a Union Territory of India, during 2017-2019. The objective of the experiment was to examine the movement of moisture over time and assess the extent of wetting in both horizontal and vertical directions under point source drip irrigation with discharge rates of 2, 4, and 8 L h.

Soil type and integrated nitrogen nutrient-rice straw residue management techniques affect soil microbes, enzyme activities and yield of wheat crop.

Sporadic burning of rice straw and the particulate air pollution caused consequently have created a pressing need for identification of practical environmentally sound rice residue management methods. However, the agronomic interventions associated with the agri-inputs particularly the type of nitrogen fertilizer source must be worked out for these interventions. In a two-year field study performed at two different locations representing sandy loam and clay loam soil types, zero tillage with application of nitrophosphate (applied as basal dose through drilling) in combination with urea (applied at 1st irrigation + 3 foliar sprays of urea at weekly interval) significantly enhanced the grain and straw yield of wheat.

A Computational First Principle Examination of the Elastic, Optical, Structural and Electronic Properties of AlRF (R = N, P) Fluoroperovskites Compounds.

This work describes an ab initio principle computational examination of the optical, structural, elastic, electronic and mechanical characteristics of aluminum-based compounds AlRF (R = N, P) halide-perovskites. For optimization purposes, we used the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state and discovered that the compounds AlNF and AlPF are both structurally stable. The IRelast software was used to compute elastic constants (ECs) of the elastic properties.

Climate Change and Human Activities, the Significant Dynamic Drivers of Himalayan Goral Distribution ().

The distribution of large ungulates is more often negatively impacted by the changing climate, especially global warming and species with limited distributional zones. While developing conservation action plans for the threatened species such as the Himalayan goral ( Hardwicke 1825; a mountain goat that mostly inhabits rocky cliffs), it is imperative to comprehend how future distributions might vary based on predicted climate change. In this work, MaxEnt modeling was employed to assess the habitat suitability of the target species under varying climate scenarios.

Vernacular Taxonomy, Cultural and Ethnopharmacological Applications of Avian and Mammalian Species in the Vicinity of Ayubia National Park, Himalayan Region.

Numerous investigations on plant ethnomedicinal applications have been conducted; however, knowledge about the medicinal use of wild animals is still limited. This present study is the second on the medicinal and cultural meaning of avian and mammalian species used by the population in the surrounding area of the Ayubia National Park, KPK, Pakistan. Interviews and meetings were compiled from the participants ( = 182) of the study area.

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles from Fruit Extracts; Their Biocompatibility and Bioactivities.

Modern nanotechnology encompasses every field of life. Nowadays, phytochemically fabricated nanoparticles are being widely studied for their bioactivities and biosafety. The present research studied the synthesis, characterization, stability, biocompatibility, and in vitro bioactivities of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs).

A residue management machine for chopping paddy residues in combine harvested paddy field.

Nowadays, Combine Harvesters are the most commonly used device for harvesting crops; as a result, a large amount of plant material and crop residue is concentrated into a narrow band of plant material that exits the combine, challenging the residue management task. This paper aims to develop a crop residue management machine that can chop paddy residues and mix them with the soil of the combined harvested paddy field. For this purpose, two important units are attached to the developed machine: the chopping and incorporation units.

Phytohormones producing rhizobacteria alleviate heavy metals stress in soybean through multilayered response.

of the current research was to use plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for sequestration and biotransformation of the toxic form of Cr and As into non-toxic form. Remediating these contaminants using microbes is a common technique and rhizo-microbiota not only relieves metal stress but also acts as biofertilizers. Role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains Acinetobacter beijerinckii (C5) and Raoultella planticola (C9) in counteracting chromium and arsenic stress in soybean seedlings was assessed.

Isolation, Molecular Identification and Amino Acid Profiling of Single-Cell-Protein-Producing Phototrophic Bacteria Isolated from Oil-Contaminated Soil Samples.

In the current study, soil samples were gathered from different places where petrol and diesel filling stations were located for isolation of photosynthetic bacteria under anaerobic conditions using the paraffin wax-overlay pour plate method with Biebl and Pfennig's medium. The three isolated strains were named SMR 001 (Mallapur), NR MPPR (Nacahram) and N Raju MPPR (Karolbagh). The morphologies of the bacteria were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Theoretical Investigations into the Different Properties of Al-Based Fluoroperovskite AlMF (M = Cr, B) Compounds by the TB-MBJ Potential Method.

Al-based fluoroperovskites compounds AlMF (M = Cr, B) are investigated computationally and calculated their elastic, structural, optical, and electrical properties in this study utilising TB-MBJ potential (also GGA+U for AlCrF) approximations, according to the Birch Murnaghan Equation curve and tolerance factor, these material are structurally cubic and stable. The IRelast algorithm is used to forecast elastic properties, and the outputs show that these compound are mechanically stable, anisotropic and ductile. AlBF has a metallic nature and overlapping states, while AlCrF have a narrow indirect band gap at (X-M) points of symmetry, with band gaps of 0.

Traditional Use of Wild and Domestic Fauna among Different Ethnic Groups in the Western Himalayas-A Cross Cultural Analysis.

Animal-derived products have an important role in treating many health conditions and have widely been used across cultures. In South Asia, ethnozoological research has been conducted only by a small number of researchers. Therefore, this area of research needs further exploration in order to preserve the eroding ethnozoological knowledge of medicinal animals severely affected by ongoing social change.

Computational Study of Elastic, Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of GaMF (M = Be and Ge) Fluoroperovskites, Based on Density Functional Theory.

This paper explains our first-principle computational investigation regarding the structural, optical, elastic, and electrical characteristics of gallium-based GaMF (M = Be and Ge) perovskite-type (halide-perovskite) compounds. Our current computation is based on density functional theory (DFT) and is achieved with the help of the WIEN2k code. We used the Birch-Murnaghan equation for optimization; in both compounds, we found that both GaBeF and GaGeF compounds are structurally stable.

Effect of Biofunctional Green Synthesized MgO-Nanoparticles on Oxidative-Stress-Induced Tissue Damage and Thrombosis.

The present study describes the green biofunctional synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles using the aqueous fruit extract. The characterization of fruit extract MgO nanoparticles (TAFEMgO NPs) was achieved by X-ray powder diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, SEM, and energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. TAFEMgO NPs scavenged the DPPH free radicals with an IC50 value of 55.

Insight into the Structural, Electronic, Elastic, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Cubic Fluoroperovskites (A = Tl, B = Nb, V) Compounds: Probed by DFT.

This work displays the structural, electronic, elastic, optical, and magnetic properties in spin-polarized configurations for cubic fluoroperovskite ABF3 (A = Tl, B = Nb, V) compounds studied by density functional theory (DFT) by means of the Tran-Blaha-modified Becke-Johnson (TB-mBJ) approach. The ground state characteristics of these compounds, i.e.

Endophytic GW controlling weed and an effective biostimulant for wheat growth.

Wheat crop has to compete with several weeds including , a noxious weed that alone is responsible for 30-70% losses in the yield annually. Because of the environmental concerns associated with conventional methods, researchers are on a continuous hunt to find clean alternatives in order to manage weeds. Fungi have shown promising weedicide potential in lab studies.

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Stapf ex Holmes Wild Rhizome Extracts.

Stapf ex Holmes, an essential and critically endangered medicinal plant from Kashmir Himalayas, was studied for its antioxidant and antifungal properties. The shade-dried powdered rhizome was extracted sequentially with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. These subsequent fractions were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC); total flavonoid content (TFC); antioxidant assays, such as 1,1-diphenyl 1-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH); ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); superoxide radical scavenging (SOR); hydroxyl radical scavenging (OH) and antifungal activity using the poisoned food technique.

Impact of Climate Change on Phenology of Two Heat-Resistant Wheat Varieties and Future Adaptations.

Climate change (CC) is a global threat to the agricultural system. Changing climatic conditions are causing variations in temperature range, rainfall timing, humidity percentage, soil structure, and composition of gases in environment. All these factors have a great influence on the phenological events in plants' life cycle.

Quantitative hydro-geophysical analysis of a complex structural karst aquifer in Eastern Saudi Arabia.

The Umm er Radhuma (UER) Formation is a major karst aquifer in Saudi Arabia. This study investigated the hydraulic and petrophysical characteristics of the folded UER carbonate aquifer using integrated hydrological and geophysical logging datasets to understand its complex hydraulic setting as well as detect possible water flow. Petrophysical analysis showed that the UER aquifer has three zones with different lithologic and hydraulic properties.

Response of Biomass Development, Essential Oil, and Composition of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. to Irrigation Frequency and Harvest Time.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of four irrigation intervals (4, 8, 12, and 16 days) and six harvests (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months after transplanting) on biomass, essential oil content, and composition of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Fresh weight and essential oil yield decreased with increasing irrigation interval; whereas, essential oil content was stimulated by water stress and increased as the irrigation interval increased.