Pulmonary postmortem computed tomography of bacterial pneumonia and pulmonary edema in patients following non-traumatic in-hospital death.

In this study, we compared the postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) findings among nonpathological lungs, lungs with bacterial pneumonia, and lungs with pulmonary edema in patients following non-traumatic in-hospital death. We studied 104 consecutive adult patients (208 lungs) who died in our tertiary care hospital and underwent PMCT and pathological autopsy (both within 2.5 days after death), and were pathologically diagnosed with nonpathological lungs, bacterial pneumonia, and pulmonary edema.

Computed tomography findings of early-stage TAFRO syndrome and associated adrenal abnormalities.

Objectives: To compare CT findings of early (within 3 weeks post-onset)- and later (within 1 month before or after diagnostic criteria were satisfied, and later than 3 weeks post-onset) stage thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly (TAFRO) syndrome.

Methods: Between 2014 and 2019, 13 patients with TAFRO syndrome (8 men and 5 women; mean age, 54.9 years) from nine hospitals were enrolled.

Accelerated acquisition of carotid MR angiography using 3D gradient-echo imaging with two-point Dixon.

This pilot study tests the feasibility of rapid carotid MR angiography using the liver acquisition with volume acceleration-flex technique (LAVA MRA). Seven healthy volunteers and 21 consecutive patients suspected of carotid stenosis underwent LAVA and conventional time-of-flight (cTOF) MRAs. Artery-to-fat and artery-to-muscle signal intensity ratios were manually measured.

Utility of unenhanced postmortem computed tomography for investigation of in-hospital nontraumatic death in children up to 3 years of age at a single Japanese tertiary care hospital.

To evaluate the utility of unenhanced postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) for the investigation of in-hospital nontraumatic death in children up to 3 years of age.This study included the cadavers of children who died from intrinsic diseases before 3 years of age. The major underlying disease and the main organ-disease systems associated with the immediate causes of death were determined by clinical evaluation, PMCT, and autopsy, which were used as a reference standard.

Effects of single green tea ingestion on pharmacokinetics of nadolol in healthy volunteers.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single green tea (GT), administered concomitantly or 1 hour before nadolol intake on nadolol pharmacokinetics.

Methods: In a randomized 3-phase crossover study, 11 healthy volunteers received an oral administration of nadolol with, or 1 hour after preingestion of brewed GT, or with water in a volume of 150 mL.

Results: Geometric mean ratio with 90% confidence interval for nadolol AUC was 0.

Prospective Study of Spatial Distribution of Missed Lung Nodules by Readers in CT Lung Screening Using Computer-assisted Detection.

Purpose: To evaluate the spatial patterns of missed lung nodules in a real-life routine screening environment.

Materials And Methods: In a screening institute, 4,822 consecutive adults underwent chest CT, and each image set was independently interpreted by two radiologists in three steps: (1) independently interpreted without computer-assisted detection (CAD) software, (2) independently referred to the CAD results, (3) determined by the consensus of the two radiologists. The locations of nodules and the detection performance data were semi-automatically collected using a CAD server integrated into the reporting system.

Salvage stereotactic body radiotherapy for post-operative oligo-recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer: A single-institution analysis of 59 patients.

A standard treatment for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who undergo surgery, and subsequently develop local failure or intrathoracic oligo-recurrence, has not yet been established. The present study aimed to assess the feasibility of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for this subgroup of patients. Consequently, a retrospective analysis was conducted of patients with NSCLC recurrence who were treated with SBRT, and previously underwent curative surgical resection between October 2011 and October 2016.

Pilot study of eruption forecasting with muography using convolutional neural network.

Muography is a novel method of visualizing the internal structures of active volcanoes by using high-energy near-horizontally arriving cosmic muons. The purpose of this study is to show the feasibility of muography to forecast the eruption event with the aid of the convolutional neural network (CNN). In this study, seven daily consecutive muographic images were fed into the CNN to compute the probability of eruptions on the eighth day, and our CNN model was trained by hyperparameter tuning with the Bayesian optimization algorithm.

Uterine adenomyosis with extensive glandular proliferation: case series of a rare imaging variant.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of uterine adenomyosis, in which there is an extensive area of high signal intensity in the myometrium on T2-weighted MRI.

Methods: This retrospective radiographic study reviewed a case series of six patients (mean age, 36 years) with adenomyosis. These patients were selected because, unlike in classical adenomyosis, T2-weighted images showed a larger area of high signal intensity than that of low signal intensity in the myometrium.

A perspective from experimental studies of burning mouth syndrome.

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is one of the most frequently seen idiopathic pain conditions in a dental setting. Peri- and postmenopausal women are most frequently affected, and patients who experience BMS complain of persistent burning pain mainly at the tip and the bilateral border of the tongue. Recent studies have assessed whether BMS is a neuropathic pain condition, based on morphologic changes in biopsied tongue specimens, and whether there are abnormal pain responses in patients with this disease.

Novel platform for development, training, and validation of computer-assisted detection/diagnosis software.

Purpose: To build a novel, open-source, purely web-based platform system to address problems in the development and clinical use of computer-assisted detection/diagnosis (CAD) software. The new platform system will replace the existing system for the development and validation of CAD software, Clinical Infrastructure for Radiologic Computation of United Solutions (CIRCUS).

Methods: In our new system, the two top-level applications visible to users are the web-based image database (CIRCUS DB; database) and the Docker plug-in-based CAD execution platform (CIRCUS CS; clinical server).

Treatment margins in radiotherapy for liver tumors visualized as T2*-hypointense areas on SPIO-enhanced MRI at 9.4 T.

Objective: To investigate whether a SPIO-labeling technique could enable MR visualization of the treatment margin after X-irradiation at a single dose of 30 Gy.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen rats bearing N1-S1 hepatoma in either the left (group 1) or right (group 2) liver lobe were examined. Four hours after systemic SPIO administration, the left lobe was selectively irradiated at 30 Gy.

Influence of Mild White Matter Lesions on Voxel-based Morphometry.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the detectability of brain volume change in voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with gray matter images is affected by mild white matter lesions (MWLs).

Methods: Three-dimensional T-weighted images (3D-TWIs) of 11 healthy subjects were obtained using a 3T MR scanner. We initially created 3D-TWIs with focal cortical atrophy simulated cortical atrophy in left amygdala (type A) and the left medial frontal lobe (type B) from control 3D-TWIs.

Prediction of bone mineral density from computed tomography: application of deep learning with a convolutional neural network.

Objectives: To investigate whether a deep learning model can predict the bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae from unenhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods: In this Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study, patients who received both unenhanced CT examinations and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the lumbar vertebrae, in two institutions (1 and 2), were included. Supervised deep learning was employed to obtain a convolutional neural network (CNN) model using axial CT images, including the lumbar vertebrae as input data and BMD values obtained with DXA as reference data.

Measured volumes using segmented tissue probability data obtained using statistical parametric mapping 12 were not influenced by the contrasts of analyzed images.

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in measured volumes using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) 12 caused by contrast changes in magnetic resonance (MR) image. Twenty-one healthy subjects participated in the study. From all subjects, 3D T1-weighted images (T1WIs) were obtained using a 3T scanner.

Deep Learning Approach for Generating MRA Images From 3D Quantitative Synthetic MRI Without Additional Scans.

Objectives: Quantitative synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables synthesis of various contrast-weighted images as well as simultaneous quantification of T1 and T2 relaxation times and proton density. However, to date, it has been challenging to generate magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images with synthetic MRI. The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning algorithm to generate MRA images based on 3D synthetic MRI raw data.

A Novel Deep Learning Approach with a 3D Convolutional Ladder Network for Differential Diagnosis of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Alzheimer's Disease.

Purpose: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are geriatric diseases and common causes of dementia. Recently, many studies on the segmentation, disease detection, or classification of MRI using deep learning have been conducted. The aim of this study was to differentiate iNPH and AD using a residual extraction approach in the deep learning method.

Embolization of visceral arterial aneurysms: Simulation with 3D-printed models.

Objectives: The present technical article aimed to describe the efficacy of three-dimensional (3D)-printed hollow vascular models as a tool in the preoperative simulation of endovascular embolization of visceral artery aneurysms.

Methods: From November 2015 to November 2016, four consecutive endovascular treatments of true visceral artery aneurysms were preoperatively simulated with 3D-printed hollow models. The mean age of the patients (one male and three females) was 54 (range: 40-71) years.

Application of CT texture analysis to assess the localization of primary aldosteronism.

We performed present study to investigate whether the localization of primary aldosteronism (PA) can be predicted using quantitative texture analysis on unenhanced computed tomography (CT). Plain CT data of 82 PA patients (54 unilateral (right-sided:left-sided = 24:30), 28 bilateral) were analyzed retrospectively. After semi-automatically setting the region of interest to include the whole adrenal gland, texture analyses were performed with or without a Laplacian of Gaussian filter with various spatial scaling factors (SSFs).

Differentiation between ovarian metastasis from colorectal carcinoma and primary ovarian carcinoma: Evaluation of tumour markers and "mille-feuille sign" on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the usefulness of serum tumour markers and morphological characteristics in CT/MRI to differentiate between ovarian metastases from colorectal carcinomas (OMCRC) and primary ovarian carcinomas (POC).

Method: Preoperative radiological images of 41 OMCRCs from 27 patients (mean age ± SD: 52.2 ± 10.

Differences in Functional Connectivity Networks Related to the Midbrain Dopaminergic System-Related Area in Various Psychiatric Disorders.

Objective: Disruptions in the dopamine system have been observed in psychiatric disorders. Since dopamine is mainly produced in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), elucidating the differences in the VTA neural network across psychiatric disorders would facilitate a greater understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders. However, no study has compared VTA-seed-based functional connectivity across psychiatric disorders.

Effect of changing the analyzed image contrast on the accuracy of intracranial volume extraction using Brain Extraction Tool 2.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of changing the contrast of an analyzed image on the accuracy of intracranial volume (ICV) extraction using the Brain Extraction Tool (BET2) in healthy adults and patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS), including infants. Twelve SWS patients, including infants, and 12 healthy participants were imaged on a 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine.

Chorea-acanthocytosis: Time-dependent changes of symptoms and imaging findings.

Background And Purpose: Chorea-acanthocytosis, a rare neurodegenerative disease, affects both the striatum and the medial temporal lobe which may cause involuntary movements and epilepsy, respectively. We examined the imaging changes of the hippocampus/amygdala and the striatum as well as clinical symptoms.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 29 MRI and 13 SPECT studies and the clinical findings of seven genetically confirmed chorea-acanthocytosis patients.