Evaluation of cholinergic enzymes and selected biochemical parameters in the serum of patients with a diagnosis of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the most severe form of hemorrhagic stroke and accounts for 5-7% of all strokes. Several chemical enzymes and cytokines are thought to cause reactions that may affect the mortality and morbidity of SAH patients. This study aimed to examine the possible relationships between these parameters and the occurrence of SAH and the clinical-radiological parameters in patients with acute SAH.

A New Approach in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury: The Effects of Levosimendan on Necrosis, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress.

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an essential and common health problem worldwide. Levosimendan is an inotropic and vasodilator drug used to treat heart failure. Moreover, it exerts pleiotropic effects and, thus, protective effects on many organs.

Embolization after internal carotid artery injury secondary to transsphenoidal pituitary surgery and delayed intranasal coil protrusion: illustrative case.

Background: The authors presented a case of spontaneous nasopharyngeal coil migration that occurred 3 years after a patient had undergone transsphenoidal resection due to pituitary macroadenoma and was treated with coil application because of internal carotid artery injury secondary to transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary macroadenoma.

Observations: In the literature, eight cases of coil migration that occurred between 2 and 120 months after coil application have been reported, most of which were treated with surgical removal of the coil in a same-day surgery setting.

Lessons: The case presented emphasized that coil protrusion and migration may lead to destruction in the skull base, thereby leading to serious consequences if left untreated, even in the absence of history of trauma.

The role of microsurgery for poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages in the endovascular era.

Background: Poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (PGASAH) is associated with high mortality and morbidity regardless of treatment. Herein, we re-evaluate the safety and efficacy of microsurgical treatment for managing PGASAH patients in the current endovascular era.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 141 consecutive patient records in a single institution who underwent microsurgical (n = 80) or endovascular (n = 61) treatment for PGASAH.

Efficiency of topical rifampin on infection in open neural tube defects: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Neural tube defects are the second most common congenital malformation in humans. Despite significant decreases in neural tube defects and related mortality and morbidity with recent developments, infections remain an important problem. Research on the role of topical therapy for managing neural tube defects and associated infections in the neonatal period has been limited.

From Ibni Sina (Avicenna) to Present, History of International Fellowship and Observership: University of Wisconsin-Madison Experience.

Since the inception of the International Fellowship (IF) Program in the Department of Neurological Surgery at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2006, training has been provided to 219 residents, neurosurgeons, and medical students from 18 countries and five continents. These IFs took a long academic and geographic journey to improve their skills in patient care. The advanced training, they received lead to 14 of these IF neurosurgeons to return to their hometowns with higher academic appointments, including two chairmen, seven professors, two associate professors, two assistant professors, and one consultant neurosurgeon.

A rare case: sclerosing osteomyelitis of the frontal bone.

The patient presented in this study had a form of chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis (CSO) that is rarely reported in calvarial bones and has never been reported in the frontal bone in the literature. We aimed to contribute to the literature with this case study. In this study, we report a 14-year-old girl who presented with swelling and pain in the frontal bone and underwent treatment due to CSO.

Abdominal Complications of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in Pediatric Patients: Experiences of a Pediatric Surgery Clinic.

Objective: To relate the experiences of a pediatric surgery clinic in diagnosis and treatment of abdominal complications related to ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) in pediatric patients who had VPSs implanted to treat hydrocephalus.

Methods: Patients admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Department of Van Yuzunciyil University Faculty of Medicine between April 2013 and December 2017 who had VPSs implanted and subsequently developed abdominal complications were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic information, surgery dates, time intervals between surgery and development of abdominal complication, complication types and applied treatments, and follow-up durations were recorded.

Determination of trace element levels in patients with burst fractures.

Background: This study aimed to determine trace element levels (Zn, Fe, Mn, Mg, Cu, Cd, Co, and Pb) in patients with burst fractures in Van Province, Turkey.

Methods: The study included a total of 44 participants with no additional pathologies, including 22 patients with burst fractures aged over 18 years who were admitted to the neurosurgery departments at two hospitals between June 15, 2015 and January 20, 2016 and 22 healthy volunteers. Serum samples were obtained from all participants to measure the serum levels of trace and heavy elements, including Mn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe, Co and Zn, using atomic absorbance spectrophotometry.

Primary Spinal Lymphoma Masquerading as Meningioma: Preoperative and Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings.

A 55-year-old male who complained of frequent back pain accompanied by increasing weakness in the lower extremities was admitted to our hospital's Neurosurgery Department. No additional disease was in his history. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic area, anterior epidural space, and paravertebral area revealed an approximately 55 × 9 mm lymphoma pressuring the spinal cord from the anterior.

Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to clarify the relationship of shunt infection to childhood hydrocephalus etiology.

Methods: We analyzed 1021 patients with childhood hydrocephalus who underwent V-P shunting over a period of approximately 15 years. The etiology of 1021 patients include myelomeningocele (794 patient), congenital (165 patient) and intraventricular haemorrhage (62 patient).

The efficiency of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in the diagnosis and staging of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to quantify the stiffness of the median nerve (MN) at the carpal tunnel inlet by acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography and to evaluate whether ARFI can be used in diagnosis and staging of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods: Sonographic examinations of 96 wrists in 50 patients were included in the study. The cross-sectional area and stiffness of the MN were quantitatively measured by B-mode ultrasonography (USG) and ARFI.

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Levels and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Burst Fractures.

BACKGROUND Spinal burst fractures are pathologies that occur in spinal injuries and cause significant mortality and morbidity as a result. Burst fractures in spinal cord injuries can result in rapid and significant oxidative stress. In addition to the primary injury in severe spinal cord injuries, subsequent secondary lesions are mainly due to inflammatory cascade activation and excessive production of free radicals.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in IgA vasculitis: Neuroimaging of a 14-year-old child.

IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is a leukocytoclastic vasculitis and characterized by involvement of small vessels in skin, gastrointestinal system, joints, kidneys, and less frequently other organs. It is the commonest vasculitis in childhood and etiology is not completely known. Neurological manifestations of IgAV are very rare and usually seen in patients with severe hypertension or as an uncommon feature such as peripheral neuropathy.

Spinal Metastasis of Unknown Primary Accompanied by Neurologic Deficit or Vertebral Instability.

Background And Objective: Spinal bone metastases are common. They are mostly localized to the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spine. The most common primaries to result in spinal metastases include lung, breast, and prostate carcinomas in adults as opposed to leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and neuroblastoma in children.

Posttraumatic Oculorrhea From the Eyelid.

We report a 21-month-old boy with a sutured laceration of the left upper eyelid with drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. Careful evaluation, including computerized tomography, revealed a penetrating injury of the left orbital wall and a linear bone fracture. The wound was resutured carefully.

Rapidly Progressive Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Abscess.

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare disease which is often rapidly progressive. Delayed diagnosis of SEA may lead to serious complications and the clinical findings of SEA are generally nonspecific. Paraspinal abscess should be considered in the presence of local low back tenderness, redness, and pain with fever, particularly in children.

Effects of Low-Intensity Treadmill Exercise on Sciatic Nerve in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy.

Objective: To investigate the potential beneficial effects of low-intensity exercise on histopathological changes of sciatic nerves in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Study Design: The rats were allotted randomly into 3 experimental groups: A (control), B (diabetic untreated), and C (diabetic treated with low-intensity exercise); each group contained 8 animals. Groups B and C received STZ.

Idiopathic Thoracic Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma.

A 33-year-old male patient experienced temporary sensory loss and weakness in the right lower extremity one month prior to admission. The patient was admitted to a private clinic with a three-day history of acute onset of sensory loss and weakness in both lower extremities and was treated and followed up with a prediagnosis of transverse myelitis and the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). The patient was subsequently transferred to our clinic and the neurologic examination revealed paraplegia in both lower extremities, positive bilateral Babinski signs, and hypesthesia below the T10 dermatome with saddle anesthesia.

The levels of trace elements and heavy metals in patients with acute migraine headache.

Objective: To compare the levels of trace elements and heavy metal in patients with acute migraine and healthy controls.

Methods: The prospective study was conducted at Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey, from May to July 2013, and comprised migraine patients and an equal number of healthy controls. International Headache Society classification was used for diagnosing migraine.

Neurosurgical Injuries Caused by the 2011 Van Earthquake: The Experience at the Van Regional Training and Research Hospital.

Background: On October 23, 2011, a devastating earthquake, magnitude 7.2 on the Richter Scale, jolted the province of Van in the east of Turkey and led to hundreds of casualties.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to present our clinical experience in the management of patients with cranial and spinal injuries who were admitted to the Van Regional Training and Research Hospital.

Chronic ossified epidural hematoma after ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion: a case report.

Chronic calcified/ossified epidural hematoma is an uncommon complication of ventricular shunt surgery. There are only 4 cases related to valve-regulated shunt operations in the literature. It may be seen especially in young patients with chronic hydrocephalus, probably due to craniocerebral disproportion.

Pediatric vertebral and spinal epidural tumors: a retrospective review of twelve cases.

Objective: Pediatric vertebral tumors are rare, and most of the reported series have limited numbers of cases. Diagnosis of these tumors is difficult because of the patients' age and the rarity of the lesions. We aimed to report the clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics in a small series of pediatric vertebral and spinal epidural tumors and to discuss diagnostic and treatment difficulties.