Epigenetic changes in shear-stressed endothelial cells.

Epigenetic changes, particularly histone compaction modifications, have emerged as critical regulators in the epigenetic pathway driving endothelial cell phenotype under constant exposure to laminar forces induced by blood flow. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms governing endothelial cell behavior in this context remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted in vitro experiments using human umbilical vein endothelial cells subjected to various tensional forces simulating pathophysiological blood flow shear stress conditions, ranging from normotensive to hypertensive forces.

Ameliorative inhibition of sirtuin 6 by imidazole derivative triggers oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis associated with Nrf2/Keap1 signaling in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.

Redox homeostasis is the vital regulatory system with respect to antioxidative response and detoxification. The imbalance of redox homeostasis causes oxidative stress. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2, also called Nfe2l2)/Kelchlike ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) signaling is the major regulator of redox homeostasis.

and functional validation of imidazole derivatives as potential sirtuin inhibitor.

Introduction: Epigenetic enzymes can interact with a wide range of genes that actively participate in the progression or repression of a diseased condition, as they are involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Sirtuins are a family of Class III epigenetic modifying enzymes that regulate cellular processes by removing acetyl groups from proteins. They rely on NAD as a coenzyme in contrast to classical histone deacetylases (HDACs) (Class I, II, and IV) that depend on Zn for their activation, linking their function to cellular energy levels.

Forced Swimming-Induced Depressive-like Behavior and Anxiety Are Reduced by Chlorpheniramine via Suppression of Oxidative and Inflammatory Mediators and Activating the Nrf2-BDNF Signaling Pathway.

The first-generation antihistamine chlorpheniramine (CPA) is believed to have both anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. The current study sought to assess the mechanisms behind the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of CPA therapy concerning oxidative stress, inflammation, and nuclear factor p45 for erythroid 2-Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Nrf2-BDNF) signaling pathway in forced swimming-induced depressive-like behavior and anxiety. Eighteen male Wistar rats (180-200 gm) rats were separated into three groups (n = 6): a stressed group (acute stress) that underwent the forced swimming test (FST) and a stressed group that received pretreatment with CPA (10 mg/kg body weight) for 3 weeks (CPA + acute stress).

Melatonin ameliorates the adrenal and pancreatic alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Clinical, biochemical, and descriptive histopathological studies.

Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of melatonin in diabetic rats. However, limited studies have been conducted on the potential effects of melatonin on the descriptive histopathological and morphometric findings in different compartments of the adrenal glands in diabetic animal models. In this study, using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model, we sought to examine histological alterations in the pancreas and adrenal glands and observe the effect of the administration of melatonin on the histopathology and morphology of the pancreas and the adrenal gland cortex and medulla that are altered by STZ-induced hyperglycemia.

Efficacy of Mouth Rinses and Nasal Spray in the Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of and Studies.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global and evolving pandemic associated with heavy health and financial burdens. Considering the oral cavity as the major reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the efficacy of mouth rinses and nasal sprays in reducing the salivary viral load of SARS-CoV-2. All and studies that assessed the virucidal efficacy of mouth rinses and nasal sprays against SARS-CoV-2 and were published in the English language from December 2019 to April 2022 were considered for analyses.

Evaluation of Candidiasis in Upper-Aerodigestive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients-A Clinico-Mycological Aspect.

is a commensal yeast. It can be infective when the host's defense mechanism is weakened, as in the case of squamous cell carcinoma patients. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical mycological manifestation of candidiasis in 150 cancer cases comprised of preoperative and post-operative (with or without radiotherapy) upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma.

MicroRNA-21 inhibits ovarian granulosa cell proliferation by targeting SNHG7 in premature ovarian failure with polycystic ovary syndrome.

microRNA (miRs or miRNAs) is a type of non-coding RNA which plays the role of a regulator in gene expression. A number of miRNAs has been found by the researchers for its critical role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). But there is a no clear information available about the biological role played by miR-21 in PCOS prognosis.

COVID-19 Guidelines to Protect Healthcare Workers at Hospitals and Dental Professionals at Dental Office.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This study aimed to address the preventive procedures to protect healthcare workers at hospital to avoid COVID-19, and infection control procedures to protect dental professionals in dental office.

Methods: We conducted a search of published articles from PubMed, google scholar databases using key words such as COVID-19, healthcare worker, infection control, and dental practice.

Prognostic and clinic-pathological significances of HOXB8, ILK and FAT4 expression in colorectal cancer.

Introduction: HOXB8 is a protein that was found to promote cancer proliferation and invasion. ILK is a protein kinase which has a role in carcinogenesis. FAT4 is a tumor homologue that has a role in EMT and autophagy regulation.

Prognostic and clinicopathological values of tissue expression of MFAP5 and ITM2A in triple-negative breast cancer: an immunohistochemical study.

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a markedly aggressive molecular subtype of breast cancer; there is an urgent need to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression and metastases of BLBC, in order to find a novel targeted therapy. Microfibrillar-associated protein 5 (MFAP5) plays an essential role in the regulation of cell behaviour and survival. Integral membrane protein 2A (ITM2A) is a type II transmembrane protein, which is a member of a family of autophagy related proteins.

Serum uric acid levels in patients with oral cancer, leukoplakia and submucous fibrosis: a cross-sectional study.

Background: This cross-sectional cohort study aimed to assess the associations between the serum uric acid levels and oral leukoplakia (OL), submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to correlate these with the clinical and histopathological features of these lesions.

Methods: Fifty-two patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) (25 OL and 27 OSMF cases) and 33 OSCC patients with complete clinical and histopathological characteristics were included. A healthy control group was also investigated.

Gastric cancer & prospects of cancer in Saudi Arabia peninsula.

Gastric cancer is classified to be an aggressive disease with poor treatment outcome, as most cases remain undetected until later stages, wherein surgery and few chemotherapeutics become the only recommended treatment course. The process of cancer development is multistep involving many stages and types of precancerous lesions, and hence, routine monitoring becomes a necessity in those detected with these or exposed to risk factors. Studying the pattern of gastric cancer for any geographical region is also important to control mortality and focus on implementation of efficient management and treatment guidelines.

Molecular characterization of Clostridium difficile isolated from carriage and association of its pathogenicity to prevalent toxic genes.

Background: There are reports of non-toxigenic C. difficile strains from asymptomatic carriers are increasing source of transmission. Asymptomatic carriage transmission in the hospital or community settings might have changed over the years.

Immunohistochemical characterization of FHIT expression in normal human tissues.

Background: Fragile histidine triad is a tumor suppressor gene that is commonly inactivated in human tumors. Interestingly, the normal pattern of FHIT expression is largely unknown.

Aim: This study is aimed to characterize the expression of FHIT protein in normal human tissues.

Morphological changes evaluation of left atrial appendage in patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Background: Since the majority of morphological changes evaluation of myocardium in ischaemic heart disease was in animal model, we detected the importance to evaluate such changes in human patients to gain insights into the targets of cellular damage and to reconcile or refine those experiments.

Methods: Tissue sections from left atrial appendage of the heart were carefully dissected from seventy five patients underwent conventional coronary artery bypass grafting at the cardiothoracic surgical department, Manchester Royal Infirmary. Tissue was fixed, sectioned, stained and six random sections were photographed and the images were assessed and quantified using Image Analyser Pro-Plus software, version 4.

Evaluation of p27 Expression in Salivary Gland Neoplasms; A Step Forward in Unveiling the Role of p27.

Introduction: Salivary gland neoplasms are not uncommon lesions that are seen in the head and neck region. The role of cell cycle regulators as well as that of oncogenes remains unexplored in the pathogenesis of these neoplasms.

Aim: Present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of p27 in the three common salivary gland neoplasms.

Knowledge and Apprehension of Dental Patients about MERS-A Questionnaire Survey.

Introduction: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a disease caused by beta corona virus. From April 11(th) to 9(th) June 2014, World Health Organization (WHO) reported a total of 402 laboratory confirmed cases of MERS from KSA, out of which 132 cases were reported from Riyadh alone.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and apprehension of patients about MERS visiting Al Farabi College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

"To-and-fro" waveform in the diagnosis of arterial pseudoaneurysms.

Medical ultrasound imaging with Doppler plays an essential role in the diagnosis of vascular disease. This study intended to review the clinical use of "to-and-fro" waveform at duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DDU) in the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms in the arterial vessels of upper and lower extremities, abdominal aorta, carotid and vertebral arteries as well as to review our personal experiences of "to-and-fro" waveform at DDU also. After receiving institutional review board approval, an inclusive literature review was carried out in order to review the scientific foundation of "to-and-fro" waveform at DDU and its clinical use in the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms in various arterial vessels.

Assessing oral cancer knowledge among Saudi medical undergraduates.

Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide with more than 263,000 patients diagnosed in 2008. Nonspecialists' negative attitudes and poor working knowledge of oral cancer significantly contribute to suboptimal detection of early-stage disease which leads to delays in diagnosis. We aimed to assess the working knowledge and views associated with oral cancer prevention among medical students in Saudi Arabia.

Cryosurgery of the oral and peri-oral region: a literature review of the mechanism, tissue response, and clinical applications.

Cryosurgery is a method of achieving lesion destruction by rapid freezing in situ. Application of cryosurgery in medicine widespread and its use within dentistry is also well documented, using both open and closed liquid nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The major advantages of oral cryosurgery include bloodless treatment, very low incidence of secondary infection, and a relative lack of scarring and pain.