Platelet counts to spleen diameter ratio: A promising noninvasive tool for predicting esophageal varices in cirrhosis patients.

Background: Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of progressive liver fibrosis as a consequence of chronic liver inflammation, wherein the standard hepatic architecture is replaced by regenerative hepatic nodules, which eventually lead to liver failure. Cirrhosis without any symptoms is referred to as compensated cirrhosis. Complications such as ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy indicate the onset of decompensated cirrhosis.

Hepatitis B vaccination status among patients with end-stage kidney disease on haemodialysis in Ethiopia: a multi-center cross-sectional study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease patients, especially those on hemodialysis, are at increased risk of developing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Guidelines suggest that all patients with chronic kidney disease patients should be vaccinated against HBV, but these guidelines are sub-optimally implemented. Notably, there is a lack of studies in Ethiopia examining the hepatitis B vaccination status among patients with end-stage renal disease.

Upper GI Bleeding Due to Leech Infestation in Ethiopian Patients: A Case Series and Review of Literature.

Upper GI bleeding secondary to a live foreign body (leech) is a very rare condition, causing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Aquatic leeches could infest the upper gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa, resulting in bleeding and/or anemia. A history of contact with a contaminated water source is necessary to establish the diagnosis.