Low Plasma Levels of Contactin-Associated Protein-Like 2 in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Links to Neural Development.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition of atypical neurodevelopment and is characterized by social communication problems and repetitive patterns of behavior. Early diagnosis and intervention are decisive for managing symptoms and improving outcomes. Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) protein is implicated in neural development and plays a role in brain connectivity and synapse formation.

Role of autoimmunity in Neuronal damage in children with Autism spectrum disorder.

"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in three core behavioral: social deficits, impaired communication, and repetitive behaviors." There is developing indication and emerging data that irregular autoimmune responses to the central nervous system may play a pathogenic role in patients with autism spectrum disorder." The aim of this review was to discuss the updated research carried out at Autism research and treatment center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia particularly on the role of autoimmunity in Autism spectrum disorder.

Lifestyle habits and obesity indices among male adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Obesity among adolescents is a global health apprehension which requires early prevention. The aim of this study was to determine the association between lifestyle habits including physical activity, sedentary behaviors and eating habits with obesity indices of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) among male adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We randomly selected 471 secondary school male adolescents aged 14-18 years.

Impact of supervised exercise training on systemic sclerosis with multiple organ involvement: A case report.

Supervised training exercises are the mainstay of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with chronic lung diseases like interstitial lung disease (ILD). A 40 years old female patient with systemic sclerosis clinically presenting with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and pulmonary hypertension underwent an eight-week supervised exercise training programme. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) showed improvement from 48.

The possible link between Fetuin-A Protein and Neuro-inflammation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objectives: To investigate the blood plasma levels of Fetuin-A protein in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and healthy controls that could offer novel diagnostic biomarkers of disease development in ASD. Another objective was to investigate the severity of autistic children by Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Short Sensory Profile (SSP).

Methods: This case control study was carried out at Autism Research and Treatment (ART) Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2019 to February 2020.

Impact of supervised exercise training on pulmonary function parameters, exercise capacity and Irisin Biomarker in Interstitial lung disease patients.

Objectives: To assess the impact of supervised exercise training (SET) on pulmonary function Parameters, exercise capacity and Irisin biomarker in Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) patients.

Methods: Ten (10)patients with ILD and 18 healthy controls of age between 30-40+ years were selected for 8-week SET program. Before and after SET all subjects performed exercise capacity six minutes' walk test (6MWT), heart rate (HR) changes were recorded, shortness of Breath Respiratory Questionnaire (SOBQ) was obtained and Irisin levels were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Impact of environmental pollution, dietary factors and diabetes mellitus on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex neurodevelopmental condition described by impairments in three main behavioral areas: social deficits, impaired communication, and repetitive behaviors. Despite many years of vast study, the causes of ASD are still unknown. Various risk factors including genetic, infectious, metabolic and immunological have been investigated however, environmental, nutritional and diabetes related risk factors have not received sufficient attention.

Impact of Auditory Integrative Training on Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Its Effect on Behavioral and Social Emotions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objective: To explore the impact of auditory integrative training (AIT) on the inflammatory biomarker transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and to assess its effect on social behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Subjects And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 15 patients (14 males and 1 female) with ASD aged 3-12 years were recruited. All were screened for autism using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).

Heart Rate Beat-to-Beat Slope Change during Six-Minute Walk Test: a Useful Clinical Tool for Estimating Fitness level.

Background: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is one of the most common exercise tests and is used to estimate the level of physical fitness. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the beat-to-beat heart rate 6MWT slope (6MWTS) and recovery slope for predicting and estimating the level of physical fitness during 6MWT, instead of depending on the distance covered during the test.

Methods: Seventy healthy adult male subjects aged 18 to 27 years were recruited randomly from the general Saudi population in Riyadh.

Secretagogin (SCGN) Plasma Levels and their Association with Cognitive and Social Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder ASD).

Objective: To investigate the secretagogin (SCGN) plasma levels in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to age and gender-matched healthy control, and its association with cognitive and social behaviors by using childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and social responsiveness scale (SRS).

Study Design: Case-control study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Autism Research and Treatment Center, Al-Amodi Autism Research Chair, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2015 to May 2016.

Cluster of Differentiation 5 (CD5) Levels in the Plasma of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Objective: To investigate the cluster of differentiation 5 (CD5) plasma levels and their association with childhood autism rating scale (CARS) in subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to age and gender matched healthy controls, and to explore the link between CD5, severity, and autoimmunity in autism.

Study Design: Case-control study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Autism Research and Treatment Center, Al-Amodi Autism Research Chair, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2014 to May 2015.

Association of Learning and Memory Calcineurin Binding Protein with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Objective: To determine the association of learning and memory calcineurin binding (CABIN1) protein with autism spectrum disorders.

Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The Autism Research and Treatment Center, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2013 to May 2014.

Activity-Regulated Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein Dysfunction May Contribute to Memory Disorder and Earlier Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Objective: To explore a possible role for activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc/Arg3.1) protein in the clinical identification of children with autism.

Subjects And Methods: The plasma levels of Arc/Arg3.