The Assessment of Knowledge, Awareness and Practice Regarding Diverticulitis and Its Risk Factors Among the Population of Saudi Arabia.

Background The term "diverticula" refers to the existence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract but is mainly located in the sigmoid colon and is used to describe colonic diverticulosis. Diverticula, which are sac-like protrusions in the wall of the large bowel, are becoming more prevalent globally, in both developed and developing nations. This increase in occurrence is primarily attributed to changes in dietary and lifestyle patterns.

Protonating polymer oligomers in the gas phase to change fragmentation pathways.

Ionization of polymers in mass spectrometry is usually achieved by forming metal ion adducts. The metal ion has been shown by Wesdemiotis to often play a spectator role in the collision-induced dissociation (CID) chemistry of these species, wherein they fragment according to a free-radical mechanism similar to that found in their pyrolysis. The result is a predominance of low-mass ions in the CID mass spectrum.

A comparison of electrospray-ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the characterization of synthetic copolymers.

Electrospray ionization (ESI-MS) and matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI-MS) were used to determine the composition (monomer ratios) and structure (end group analysis) relative to 1H NMR spectroscopy and theoretical predictions for three different copolymers: poly(butyl acrylate/vinyl acetate) (PBA/PVAc), poly(methyl methacrylate/vinyl acetate) (PMMA/PVAc) and poly(butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate) (PBA/PMMA). We found that the ESI results were in excellent agreement with 1H NMR spectroscopy for PBA/PVAc and PBA/PMMA copolymers whereas there was more divergence in the case of PMMA/PVAc. In the case of PBA/PMMA copolymers similar distributions of products were observe by ESI-MS and MALDI-MS with the two major products classes differing by their end-groups.