Pediatric Stroke from Bench to Bedside: A Single-Center Experience in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: Stroke is a leading cause of severe long-term disability and death worldwide. This study aimed to determine the genetic background, causative factors, and diagnostic and outcome measures of pediatric stroke in an area endemic to sickle cell disease (SCD).

Patients And Methods: This retrospective review analyzed pediatric patients with acute stroke who were admitted to King Fahd Hospital of the University, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, between January and June 2019.

Embolization Tactics of Spinal Epidural Arteriovenous Fistulas.

Purpose: Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEDAVFs) show an epidural venous sac often with venous congestive myelopathy (VCM) due to intradural reflux at a remote level to which a transarterial approach would be difficult. We present 12 cases of SEDAVF with VCM and describe 3 main tactics for effective transarterial embolization.

Materials And Methods: Among 152 patients with spinal vascular malformations diagnosed in our tertiary hospital between 1993 and 2019, 12 SEDAVF patients with VCM were included.

Microcatheter Stabilization Technique Using Partially Inflated Balloon for Coil Embolization of Paraclinoid Aneurysms.

Purpose: Coil embolization of paraclinoid aneurysms should be simple, safe, and effective considering the benign nature of the aneurysm. Here, we present a microcatheter stabilization technique using a partially inflated balloon for the treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 58 patients who underwent balloon-assisted coiling (BAC) for unruptured paraclinoid aneurysms at a tertiary neuro-intervention center between January 2019 and March 2020.

Posterior fossa extra-axial variations of medulloblastoma: a pictorial review as a primer for radiologists.

Manifestations of an atypical variant of medulloblastoma of the posterior fossa in extra-axial locations have been reported, and key questions concerning its interpretation have been raised previously. This review illustrated the clinico-radiological and histopathological features of the posterior fossa extra-axial medulloblastoma and described possible management strategies. We thoroughly reviewed all atypical anatomical locations of medulloblastoma reported within the posterior fossa and extra-axial spaces.

Staged Approach for Stent-Assisted Coiling of Cerebral Aneurysms after Failure of Initial Intra-Saccular Catheterization.

Purpose: Microcatheter navigation into an aneurysm sac can present difficulties through negative interactions between the deployed stent mesh and microcatheter. We hypothesized that endothelialization of the stent mesh would minimize these interactions. We aimed to assess the feasibility of staged coiling after stenting by reviewing our experiences with unavoidably staged embolization cases.

Multiple Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas Manifesting as Progressive Otalgia and Tinnitus and Treated Using a Single Session of Endovascular Embolization.

Background: Multiple cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are considered to be an uncommon vascular condition. dAVFs usually manifest with vague symptoms, which are related to the site of occurrence of the lesion and present with complex angio-architectural features, which in turn can render treatment procedures difficult. Appropriate treatment that aims to reduce the risk of intracranial bleeding and manage the patient's symptoms requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Spinal anastomosed remnant imprints of vertebral veins linking the transverse foramina: a case report of a novel anatomic variant of the cervical venous plexus.

Purpose: Despite various postulated classifications attempting to simplify the complex angioarchitecture of the cervical spine, the nomenclature of spinal variants and lesions remains inconsistent. Knowledge of variations in the anatomy of the vertebral veins will assist in avoiding complications during neck surgery and procedures such as vertebroplasty. In addition, venous variants may act as a route for the spread of infection, emboli, or metastases.

A ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysm presenting as tentorial and spinal isolated subdural hemorrhage: a case report and literature review.

Background: Ruptured intracranial aneurysms are often associated with subarachnoid or intraparenchymal hemorrhage. However, the prevalence of subdural hemorrhage post aneurysmal rupture is low and rarely reported in scientific studies. Here, we report an unusual case of a ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysm resulting in an isolated subdural hematoma located in the tentorial and spinal canal without subarachnoid or intraparenchymal hemorrhage.

Primary pigmented meningeal melanocytoma originating in Meckel cave in a patient with carney complex: A case report.

Rationale: Primary melanin-producing tumors are rare extra-axial neoplasms OPEN of the central nervous system. In the literature, few case reports have discussed neoplasms involving the cavernous sinus; of these, only 4 have reported on neoplasms originating in Meckel cave. The diagnostic approach, including clinical and radiological analysis, is challenging, and cytopathological assessment with a molecular basis is the best approach to discriminate between these lesions.

Successful Retrieval of the Distal Anti-embolic Device after Carotid Stenting Using the Balloon Bridge Technique.

Background: During carotid artery stenting (CAS), retrieval of the distal umbrella portion of the anti-embolic device (AED) could be difficult. Herein, we report a case of left CAS managed with balloon angioplasty and stent placement with successful retrieval of the umbrella portion of the AED using the balloon bridge technique after failure of retrieval with the standard technique.

Case Presentation: After successful revascularization of the asymptomatic severe carotid bulb stenosis in a 62-year-old woman, we could not pass the re-sheathing catheter over the deployed stent because of the ledge effect between the guidewire of the AED and the stent mesh.

Magnetic resonance and retrograde endoscopic cholangiopancreatography-based identification of biliary tree variants: are there type-related variabilities among the Saudi population?

Purpose: This study investigated biliary tree patterns in a Saudi Arabian population to identify common anatomical variations to establish a common ground for improved surgical practice and to avoid unexpected complications. We consider this type of investigation clinically important because the findings are valuable for pre-surgical planning in a broad range of procedures, including laparoscopic cholecystectomy and liver transplantation.

Methods: We conducted an imaging-based retrospective cross-sectional study involving 150 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for different indications at King Fahd Hospital of the University between January 2011 and December 2014.

Neuroschistosomiasis mimicking lower back pain: case report of a rare differential diagnosis in a pediatric patient.

Background: Spinal myelitis is an infrequent manifestation of spinal cord infection. It is caused by the species, which are endemic in South America, part of the Middle East, and Africa.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 13-year-old male adolescent complaining of progressive lower back pain and weakness of the lower extremities for 3 days.

A unique finding of cavum velum interpositum colloid-like cyst and literature review of a commonplace lesion in an uncommon place.

Colloid cysts typically reside within the area of the anterior third ventricle, in the proximity of the foramen of Monro. Although they are considered to commonly localize in various parts of the cerebrum, they are exceedingly rare outside the ventricular system and rarely occur within the velum interpositum. We have reported here a rare case of a velum interpositum colloid-like cyst in a 23-year-old man, who presented to our clinic with temporary binocular strabismus, which he had been experiencing for the previous year.

An Atypical Porencephalic Cyst Manifesting as a Simple Partial Seizure: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Porencephaly is an extremely rare neurological disease characterized by the presence of solitary or multiple degenerative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cavities within the brain parenchyma.

Case Report: We describe a case involving a 23-year-old male who presented with involuntary movements of the left upper limb of 6 months' duration. A diagnosis of porencephaly was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).