Authors' Reply to Letter to the Editor- in Response to: Comment on Dheyab AM et al. "Long-Term Efficacy of Oral Valganciclovir in Presumed Cytomegalovirus Unilateral Hypertensive Anterior Uveitis".

The clinical diagnosis of presumed cytomegalovirus hypertensive anterior uveitis was based on the following criteria: 1) Recurrent episodes of unilateral hypertensive anterior uveitis characterized by acute elevation of intraocular pressure, a few medium-sized or mutton-fat keratic precipitates and mild anterior chamber reaction. These findings might be associated with corneal endotheliitis and iris atrophy. 2) Posterior synechiae and vitreous involvement are typically absent.

Bilateral Retinal Infiltration and Ischemia as the First Presenting Sign of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report with Multimodal Imaging.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant proliferative disorder involving the bone marrow and lymphatic system. Retinal involvement is a rare form of presentation in patients with CML. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with an acute bilateral visual disturbance.

Long-term Efficacy of Oral Valganciclovir in Presumed Cytomegalovirus Unilateral Hypertensive Anterior Uveitis.

Purpose: To describe long-term efficacy and safety of oral valganciclovir in the treatment of presumed cytomegalovirus (CMV) unilateral hypertensive anterior uveitis.

Methods: Retrospective review of 40 patients (40 eyes).

Results: All patients presented with high intraocular pressure (mean 39.

Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome successfully treated with topical prednisolone acetate 1% drops.

Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS) is a rare disease characterized by choroidal thickening around the optic disc. Visual acuity might be impaired secondary to the associated peripapillary intraretinal and/or subretinal fluids. We reported a case of a 70-year-old male patient who presented with a gradual bilateral decrease in vision.

Pretreatment ocular blood flow and retinal oxygen metabolism in the acute uveitic phase is associated with final outcome in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Purpose: To investigate the association between pretreatment blood flow velocity in the choroid and optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal oxygen metabolism in the acute uveitic phase and the development of 'sunset glow fundus' in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 41 patients (82 eyes). Laser speckle flowgraphy and retinal oximetry measurements were performed at the presentation.

Optic Nerve Head Infiltration in Presumed Tuberculous Uveitis.

To report the clinical and multimodal imaging findings of presumed tuberculous optic nerve head (ONH) infiltration in 3 patients at a tertiary eye care center. In addition to unilateral presumed tuberculous ONH infiltration, all patients had clinical findings suggestive of tuberculous choroidal involvement which was confirmed by Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). All patients were treated successfully with a combination of antituberculous regimen and systemic corticosteroids.

Prognostic value of pretreatment indocyanine green angiography in the acute uveitic phase of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment indocyanine green angiographic (ICGA) features in initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 84 patients (168 eyes). Main outcome measures were final visual acuity, development of 'sunset glow fundus' (SGF) and progression to chronic recurrent evolution.

Comparisons of choroidal blood flow velocity between initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and acute central serous chorioretinopathy.

Objectives: Acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in the acute uveitic phase are characterized by serous retinal detachment caused by dysfunction of the choroid. The aim of this study is to compare blood flow velocity and pulse waveform parameters in the choroid between these two diseases.

Methods: In this study, 25 patients (50 eyes) with VKH disease, 21 patients (27 eyes) with CSC and 15 healthy controls (30 eyes) were studied.

Pediatric Pars Planitis: A Review.

Purpose: To provide an overview of pediatric pars planitis.

Methods: Narrative literature review.

Results: Pars planitis refers to the idiopathic subset of intermediate uveitis in which there is vitritis along with snowball or snowbank formation occurring in the absence of an associated infection or systemic disease.

Peripheral Subretinal Mass Complicating Necrotizing Anterior Scleritis in a Patient with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

Anterior scleritis is rarely diagnosed with a peripheral amelanotic subretinal mass. We reported a rare case of a 31-year-old woman who was referred for suspected left eye choroidal melanoma. The patient had granulomatosis with polyangiitis with a history of treated left eye necrotizing anterior scleritis.

Reversal of Peripheral Iris Depigmentation Associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.

Objective: To describe the reversal of peripheral iris depigmentation associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.

Methods: A retrospective report of two cases.

Results: Both patients were diagnosed with a chronic recurrent VKH disease and developed bilateral peripheral iris depigmentation (BPID).

Therapeutic window of opportunity in the acute uveitic phase of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: Prevention of late autoimmune complications by early intervention.

Purpose: To determine relationship between timing of treatment initiation and disease outcomes and whether a therapeutic window of opportunity exists in initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 112 patients (224 eyes). Main outcome measures were final visual acuity, progression to chronic recurrent evolution, development of complications, particularly 'sunset glow fundus', and drug-free remission cure of uveitis.

Outcomes of initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease occurred during pregnancy.

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease that occurred during pregnancy.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series.

Results: During the period between January 2001 and December 2021, we identified 112 patients with initial-onset acute uveitis associated with VKH disease, 67 (59.

Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Purpose: To investigate the frequency, clinical findings and outcomes of occlusive retinal vasculitis in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: A retrospective case series.

Results: During the period between January 2000 and December 2021, we identified 24 patients who were diagnosed to have uveitis associated with MS.

Alterations in ocular microcirculation and oxygen metabolism in patients with lipemia retinalis.

Purpose: The study aims to assess the alterations in retinal oxygen saturation and retinal and choroidal blood flow in lipemia retinalis.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 10 eyes (5 patients) with history of lipemia retinalis. The study comprised 10 eyes with documented history of lipemia retinalis and 10 participants as healthy controls.

Acute uveitic phase of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: optic nerve head swelling, ocular blood flow and retinal oxygen metabolism.

Objectives: To investigate the association of optic nerve head (ONH) swelling in the acute uveitic phase of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease with blood flow velocity in the choroid and ONH and oxygen saturation and diameter of retinal vessels.

Methods: In this prospective study, 25 patients (50 eyes) were studied. Thirteen patients (26 eyes) had ONH swelling and 12 patients (24 eyes) had no ONH swelling.

Contribution of Saudi Arabia to regional and global publications on COVID-19-related research: A bibliometric and visualization analysis.

Background: At the global level and in Saudi Arabia, COVID-19 remains a major public health problem. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed substantially to a surge in publications on the novel coronavirus responsible for this pandemic. This research is intended to assess the increasing contribution of Saudi Arabia to the global research on COVID-19.

Laser-Induced Maculopathy Masquerading as Hereditary Macular Dystrophy.

There has been an emergence of permanent macular injury due to the misuse of handheld laser pointers. The clinical phenotype of laser-induced maculopathy can mimic hereditary retinal dystrophies. This report describes the clinical phenotype and the results of multimodal imaging in a 27-year-old woman who was referred with a bilateral progressive decrease in vision over 2 months.

Long-Term Outcomes of Pediatric Idiopathic Intermediate Uveitis.

Purpose: To describe the course of childhood-onset intermediate uveitis without associated systemic disease, and investigate determinants of outcomes.

Design: A retrospective clinical cohort study METHODS: This study was conducted in an institutional setting. A total of 125 children (221 eyes) aged 16 years and less participated.

Initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease presenting with unilateral exudative retinal detachment despite bilateral choroidal involvement.

Purpose: To investigate the frequency of initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease presenting with unilateral exudative retinal detachment.

Methods: A retrospective case series.

Results: During the period between January 1998 and December 2020, we identified 135 patients with initial-onset acute uveitis associated with VKH disease.

Long-term Outcomes of Uveitis Associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease in the Pediatric Age Group.

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in pediatric age group (aged 16 years and under).

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with VKH disease.

Results: Among the 244 patients identified, 38 (76 eyes) were children.