Saudi Initiative of Bronchiolitis Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention 2024 updated consensus on the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of bronchiolitis among children under 5 years of age worldwide, accounting for a prevalence of 25%-88% in Saudi Arabia. Although no effective treatment for the virus exists, passive immunoprophylaxis reduced RSV hospitalizations in high-risk children. With recent advances in immunization, the Saudi Initiative of Bronchiolitis Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention panel screened recent relevant international guidelines, locally published data, and expert consensus to update guidelines for RSV prevention, taking into consideration the resources, timing, varying health profiles, and RSV burden in Saudi Arabia.

Quality assessment of clinical practice guidelines for neonatal sepsis using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II Instrument: A systematic review of neonatal guidelines.

Background And Objective: Neonatal sepsis (NS) continues to be a critical healthcare priority for the coming decades worldwide. The aim of this study was to critically appraise the quality of recent clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for neonatal sepsis and to summarize and compare their recommendations.

Methods: This study involves a systematic review of CPGs.

Burden of Early Life Obesity and Its Relationship with Protein Intake in Infancy: The Middle East Expert Consensus.

Adequate nutrition in early life is proposed to shape a child's future health by launching the growth trajectory in the proper direction, which helps to avoid negative metabolic programming effects. Protein intake during infancy and early childhood is of great importance, as it plays a key role in infant metabolic programming and the future risk of obesity. Breastfeeding provides the best nutrition in early life, with many benefits tailored for the baby, including the appropriate quantity and quality of proteins.

Possible vertical transmission of corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) from infected pregnant mothers to neonates: a multicenter study.

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious with various possible routes of transmission, resulting in high mortality globally. Controversy exists regarding the vertical transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection to fetuses of COVID-19-infected women. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19-infected mothers to their neonates.

Case Report: Neonatal Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Two Cases From Saudi Arabia.

Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is under investigation. A few reports suggest the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from mothers to their neonates. Most neonates have mild symptoms, but some develop multisystem involvement and shock.

Saudi experts' recommendation for RSV prophylaxis in the era of COVID-19: Consensus from the Saudi Pediatric Pulmonology Association.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in pediatrics worldwide. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the prevalence of RSV is 23.5% in pediatric patients with acute lower respiratory tract illness.

COVID-19 infection prevalence in pediatric population: Etiology, clinical presentation, and outcome.

Novel COVID-19 infections caused major morbidity and mortality globally in the adult age group. Likewise, SARS-COV-2 infections in children are highly risky in the selected patient population. We performed a focused literature search of published reports from December 1, 2019, till August 20, 2020.

Clinical characteristics and aetiology of early childhood epilepsy: a single centre experience in Saudi Arabia.

Seizures in children and neonatal period have variety of causes; however, most of childhood seizures are idiopathic. The aim of this study was to review the causes of epilepsy in children presenting in the first 2 years of life using the International League Against Epilepsy classification released in 2010. This was a retrospective chart review study that was conducted at a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia.

Bronchiolitis in children: The Saudi initiative of bronchiolitis diagnosis, management, and prevention (SIBRO).

Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of admissions in children less than two years of age. It has been recognized as highly debated for many decades. Despite the abundance of literature and the well-recognized importance of palivizumab in the high risk groups, and despite the existence of numerous, high-quality, recent guidelines on bronchiolitis, the number of admissions continues to increase.

Perinatal and neonatal morbidity among infants of diabetic mothers at a university hospital in Central Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To determine the perinatal and neonatal morbidity related to diabetes associated with pregnancy.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary university hospital in Central Saudi Arabia. All neonates born to mothers with pregnancy associated diabetes between July 2014 and June 2015 were recruited for the purpose of this study.

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) may enhance implementation of clinical practice guidelines: An experience from the Middle East.

Rationale, Aims, And Objectives: Implementation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) has been shown to reduce variation in practice and improve health care quality and patients' safety. There is a limited experience of CPG implementation (CPGI) in the Middle East. The CPG program in our institution was launched in 2009.

The genetic landscape of familial congenital hydrocephalus.

Objective: Congenital hydrocephalus is an important birth defect, the genetics of which remains incompletely understood. To date, only 4 genes are known to cause Mendelian diseases in which congenital hydrocephalus is the main or sole clinical feature, 2 X-linked (L1CAM and AP1S2) and 2 autosomal recessive (CCDC88C and MPDZ). In this study, we aimed to determine the genetic etiology of familial congenital hydrocephalus with the assumption that these cases represent Mendelian forms of the disease.

Management of convulsive status epilepticus in children: an adapted clinical practice guideline for pediatricians in Saudi Arabia.

Objective:: To increase the use of evidence-based approaches in the diagnosis, investigations and treatment of Convulsive Status Epilepticus (CSE) in children in relevant care settings.

Method:: A Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) adaptation group was formulated at a university hospital in Riyadh. The group utilized 2 CPG validated tools including the ADAPTE method and the AGREE II instrument.

Black lung persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Saudi experience with sildenafil and nitric oxide.

To determine the clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment outcome of Saudi infants with black lung persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Methods: This is a retrospective review of all neonates with PPHN presented to the Armed Force Hospital Southern Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January 2012 to December 2014. Results: Ten term and near term infants presented with PPHN were included.

Nasogastric Tube Placement in Newborns Before Discharge.

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of medical staff (physicians) at different levels about insertion or placement of nasogastric tube (NGT) in a normal newborn before discharge. It was a survey-based, observational study conducted at King Khalid University Hospital. Atotal of 103 doctors were sent text message; among those 81 (78.

A CYP21A2 gene mutation in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Molecular genetics report from Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with the pattern of CYP21A2 gene-mutations in Saudi children.

Methods: Between January 2011 and March 2014 at King Fahad Military Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, we thoroughly examined 11 patients with CAH and 2 asymptomatic individuals with a history of affected siblings. Additionally, we sequenced the full coding regions of the CYP21A2 gene and screened the gene for deletion(s)/duplication(s) using the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technique.

Infantile Systemic Hyalinosis Complicated with Right Atrial Thrombus and Pericardial Effusion in an Infant.

Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is a rare multisystem fatal autosomal recessive disorder that involves widespread deposition of hyaline on connective tissues and certain internal organs. The major manifestations include painful articular contractures, hyperpigmentation, subcutaneous nodules, gingival hypertrophy, failure to thrive secondary to protein-losing enteropathy, and osteolytic bone lesions. In this paper, we report a 12-month-old girl with ISH presenting with recurrent diarrhea, failure to thrive, and refractory infections.

Tyrosinemia type 1: a rare and forgotten cause of reversible hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infancy.

Background: Tyrosinemia type 1 (TT1) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). TT1 usually presents in infancy with features suggestive of liver disease or with sepsis-like symptoms.

Case Presentation: We report two Saudi siblings with TT1.