Association of trace elements abnormalities with thyroid dysfunction.

Background: The metabolic pathways can be affected by dysregulation in thyroid hormone levels which in turn can arise from environmental chemical exposure. This study investigated the association of selected trace elements with thyroid disorders in a Saudi population.

Methods: Urine samples collected from 100 participants (50 thyroid disorder patients and 50 controls) were analyzed to determine trace elements using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer.

Screening the incidence of diabetogensis with urinary phthalate in Saudi subjects.

Nowadays, phthalates widely employed in many products are distributed around us which contributed to the development of many chronic diseases. We investigated the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi subjects and correlated it with urinary phthalate metabolites' screening study.We selected a total of 100 cases early diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus (FBS ≥ 126 mg/dl, PP 2 h, ≥ 140 mg/dl) and 50 normal subjects (FBS ≤ 90 mg/dl) as control.

Serum heavy metals of passive smoker females and its correlation to bone biomarkers and risk of osteoporosis.

Serum total and free calcium reflect the status of the body health and disease. Smoking is risk factor for many diseases as cardiovascular, lung, and cancers. The goal of this work is to evaluate the correlation between serum lead, cadmium arsenate resulting from passive smoking, and bone status in females.

Strigol1/albumin/chitosan nanoparticles decrease cell viability, induce apoptosis and alter metabolomics profile in HepG2 cancer cell line.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Bioavailable, effective and safe therapeutic agents are urgently needed for cancer treatment. This study evaluated the metabolomics profiling, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of strigol/albumin/chitosan nanoparticles (S/A/CNP) on HepG2 cell line.

Suppression of circulating long non-coding RNA in obese patients with breast cancer.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of cellular RNA, play a critical regulatory role in several physiological developments and pathological processes, such as tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Obesity is a risk factor for a number of serious health conditions, including breast cancer (BC). However, the underlying mechanisms behind the association between obesity and increased BC incidence and mortality remain unclear.

Hemorrhagic fever in Saudi Arabia: challenge to public health, effective management and future considerations.

Background: Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) refers to a group of febrile illnesses caused by different viruses that result in high mortality in animals and humans. Many risk factors like increased human-animal interactions, climate change, increased mobility of people and limited diagnostic facility have contributed to the rapid spread of VHF.

Materials: The history of VHFs in the Saudi Arabian Peninsula has been documented since the 19 century, in which many outbreaks have been reported from the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia.

Identification, protein antiglycation, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and molecular docking of novel bioactive peptides produced from hydrolysis of Lens culinaris.

Bioactive peptides produced from natural sources are considered as strategic target for drug discovery. Hyperglycemia caused protein glycation alters the structure of many tissues that impairs their functions and lead complications diseases in human body. This study investigated the bioactive peptides produced from red and brown Lens culinaris that might inhibit protein glycation to prevent diabetic complications.

Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies Key Metabolic Pathways Altered by Thymoquinone in Leukemic Cancer Cells.

Thymoquinone (TQ), a naturally occurring anticancer compound extracted from oil, has been extensively reported to possess potent anti-cancer properties. Experimental studies showed the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-metastatic effects of TQ on different cancer cells. One of the possible mechanisms underlying these effects includes alteration in key metabolic pathways that are critical for cancer cell survival.

Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Provides Unique Insights to Pathways Associated With Obese Breast Cancer Patients.

Information regarding transcriptome and metabolome has significantly contributed to identifying potential therapeutic targets for the management of a variety of cancers. Obesity has profound effects on both cancer cell transcriptome and metabolome that can affect the outcome of cancer therapy. The information regarding the potential effects of obesity on breast cancer (BC) transcriptome, metabolome, and its integration to identify novel pathways related to disease progression are still elusive.

Antiviral effects of probiotic metabolites on COVID-19.

SARS coronavirus (COVID-19) is a real health challenge of the 21st century for scientists, health workers, politicians, and all humans that has severe cause epidemic worldwide. The virus exerts its pathogenic activity through by mechanism and gains the entry via spike proteins (S) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor proteins on host cells. The present work is an effort for a computational target to block the residual binding protein (RBP) on spike proteins (S), Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor proteins by probiotics namely Plantaricin BN, Plantaricin JLA-9, Plantaricin W, Plantaricin D along with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).

In cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic activity of phycocyanin nanoparticles from (Chlorophyta) algae.

This study investigated the antioxidant, proapoptotic and anti-proliferative activity of phycocyanin extracted from (Chlorophyta) algae extract loaded on albumin nanoparticle (ULANP). The characterization of ULANP profile was done by using FTIR and its cytotoxicity was investigated by using MTT assay against HepG2 and MCF7 cell lines. The proapoptotic markers caspase 8 & 9 were measured.

Highly Expressed DLL4 and JAG1: Their Role in Incidence of Breast Cancer Metastasis.

Background: The role of Notch signaling dysregulation in causing metastatic breast cancer is not yet elucidated, therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression of DLL4 and JAG1 in metastatic breast cancer. Moreover, we examined the possible association between clinicopathological features and studied parameters.

Design And Methods: A total of 90 patients with invasive ductal breast carcinomas (52 non-metastatic and 38 metastatic) were enrolled in the current study.

The Contribution of Wastewater to the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment: Implications of Mass Gathering Settings.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the major issue posing a serious global health threat. Low- and middle-income countries are likely to be the most affected, both in terms of impact on public health and economic burden. Recent studies highlighted the role of resistance networks on the transmission of AMR organisms, with this network being driven by complex interactions between clinical (e.

Nanomedicine in treatment of breast cancer - A challenge to conventional therapy.

Amongst the various types of cancer, breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and known as the leading cause of death among women globally. The extensive interdisciplinary investigation in nanotechnology and cancer biomedical research has been evolved over the years for its effective treatment. However, the advent of chemotherapeutic resistance in breast cancer is one of the major confront researchers are facing in achieving successful chemotherapy.

Potential impact of auxin in modulation of insulin resistance in diabetic rats.

The rational of this study to find out the impact of auxins in prevention of diabetic complications in rats. Seventy-five rats were randomly grouped into five groups: Group I; control ( = 15). (Groups 2-5, 60 rats) were received a single dose of STZ , at dose of 65 mg/kg for induction diabetes.

Gene Ontology and Expression Studies of Strigolactone Analogues on a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line.

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common and recurrent type of primary adult liver cancer without any effective therapy. Plant-derived compounds acting as anticancer agents can induce apoptosis by targeting several signaling pathways. Strigolactone (SL) is a novel class of phytohormone, whose analogues have been reported to possess anticancer properties on a panel of human cancer cell lines through inducing cell cycle arrest, destabilizing microtubular integrity, reducing damaged in the DNA repair machinery, and inducing apoptosis.

Thymoquinone-Induced Reactivation of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Cancer Cells Involves Epigenetic Mechanisms.

The epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is a common finding in several solid and hematological tumors involving various epigenetic readers and writers leading to enhanced cell proliferation and defective apoptosis. Thymoquinone (TQ), the major biologically active compound of black seed oil, has demonstrated anticancer activities in various tumors by targeting several pathways. However, its effects on the epigenetic code of cancer cells are largely unknown.

Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of novel acylspermidine derivative N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-8-hydroxy-dodecanamide (AAHD) against HepG2 cells.

Naturally occurring polyamines like Putrescine, Spermidine, and Spermine are polycations which bind to the DNA, hence stabilizing it and promoting the essential cellular processes. Many synthetic polyamine analogues have been synthesized in the past few years, which have shown cytotoxic effects on different tumours. In the present study, we evaluated the antiproliferative effect of a novel, acylspermidine derivative, (N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-(3-aminopropyl)-8-hydroxy-dodecanamide) (AAHD) on HepG2 cells.

Mediation analysis for the relationship between urinary phthalate metabolites and type 2 diabetes via oxidative stress in a population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Human exposure to phthalates is ubiquitous and has received considerable attention due to their association with adverse health outcomes, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, earlier studies that link phthalate exposure to T2DM yielded ambiguous results. Furthermore, studies that associate phthalate exposure with oxidative stress and then with T2DM are scant.

Association of serum asymmetric dimethyl-arginine and troponin I levels as a risk of myocardial infarction in thalassemia.

Background: The current study evaluated level of serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and its association to cardiac biomarkers in thalassemia patients for early diagnosis of abnormality in myocardial infarction.

Subjects And Methods: This study was conducted on 80 subjects divided into four groups each with 20 subjects. Group I: Control: healthy subjects.

Identification of Deregulated Signaling Pathways in Jurkat Cells in Response to a Novel Acylspermidine Analogue-N-Erucoyl Spermidine.

Natural polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are crucial in the cell proliferation and maintenance in all the eukaryotes. However, the requirement of polyamines in tumor cells is stepped up to maintain tumorigenicity. Many synthetic polyamine analogues have been designed recently to target the polyamine metabolism in tumors to induce apoptosis.

-Coumaric acid attenuates non-catalytic protein glycosylation in the retinas of diabetic rats.

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of -coumaric acid on the glycosylation of proteins in the retinas of diabetic rats. Male rats were divided into two main groups, Group I (normal control) and Group II (diabetic); Group II was further divided into four subgroups: Group IIa (diabetic control), Group IIb (diabetic rats were given -coumaric acid orally [150 mg/kg, body weight (bw)/day]), Group IIc (diabetic rats were given HCA -coumaric acid orally [300 mg/kg bw/day]), and Group IId (diabetic rats were given insulin [10 units/kg bw/day]) as a positive control). The treatment lasted for six weeks, and the data obtained suggested that -coumaric acid reduced glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels, which further decreased the formation of glucose-derived advanced glycation end products.

Strigolactones-a novel class of phytohormones as anti-cancer agents.

Chemotherapy shows some promising results in the inhibition of cancer, but resistance to chemotherapy and its severe side effects may occur in due course, resulting in only restricted and narrow benefits. Therefore, there is a pressing need to find alternative chemotherapeutic drugs for combating cancers. Plants have been used since ages in medicine, and by the dawn of 19th century, various potent and promising anti-cancer products have been derived from plants.