The effects of diurnal intermittent fasting on proinflammatory cytokine levels while controlling for sleep/wake pattern, meal composition and energy expenditure.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of diurnal intermittent fasting (DIF) during and outside of the month of Ramadan on plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, while controlling for sleep/wake pattern, sleep length and quality, meal composition, energy consumption and expenditure, and light exposure. DIF outside of the month of Ramadan was performed to evaluate the effect of DIF in the absence of the way of life accompanying Ramadan.

Methods: Twelve healthy male volunteers with a mean age of 25.

Effects of Diurnal Intermittent Fasting on Daytime Sleepiness Reflected by EEG Absolute Power.

Purpose: We hypothesized that diurnal intermittent fasting would not increase slow frequency EEG waves, which reflect increased sleepiness. Therefore, this study aimed at performing a quantitative EEG analysis of young healthy volunteers with and without diurnal intermittent fasting while controlling for potential confounders.

Methods: Eight young healthy volunteers (mean age: 24.

The effects of diurnal intermittent fasting on the wake-promoting neurotransmitter orexin-A.

Background: Food restriction has been demonstrated to increase the alertness in different species and to increase the levels of the wake-promoting neurotransmitter orexin. We hypothesized that diurnal intermittent fasting (DIF) increases orexin-A levels during fasting. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the effects of DIF, during the month of Ramadan, on orexin, while controlling for lifestyle changes that may accompany Ramadan such as sleep duration, bedtime and wake time, energy expenditure, light exposure, and food.