Investigation of the drug-drug interaction and incompatibility mechanism between Aconitum carmichaelii Debx and Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The combination of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx (Chuanwu, CW) and Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit (Banxia, BX) forms an herbal pair within the eighteen incompatible medicaments (EIM), indicating that BX and CW are incompatible. However, the scientific understanding of this incompatibility mechanism, especially the corresponding drug-drug interaction (DDI), remains complex and unclear.

A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and quality control of gardeniae fructus.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gardeniae Fructus (GF), the desiccative mature fruitage of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (G. jasminoides), belongs to the Rubiaceae family.