Global prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly associated with psychosocial problems, especially depression, contributing to poor overall outcomes. Depression has not been given adequate priority in the management of CKD patients despite its significant adverse impact on all major outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the pooled prevalence of clinical depression in the global CKD population and sub-populations.

Debate: Involuntary treatment and detention are a necessary part of mental health care - a perspective from low and middle-income countries.

Mental health care is underpinned by human rights. However, certain mental health presentations can be associated with increased risk to self or others. Thus, appropriate and effective care plan to mitigate the risk may include a temporary restriction of the person's human rights.

Addressing the challenges of integrating care for perinatal depression in primary care in Nigeria.

Purpose: This report provides the results of a task-shared approach for integrating care for perinatal depression (PND) within primary maternal and child healthcare (PMCH), including the factors that may facilitate or impede the process.

Methods: This hybrid implementation-effectiveness study guided by the Replicating Effective Programmes framework was conducted in 27 PMCH clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria. The primary implementation outcome was change in the identification rates of PND by primary health care workers (PHCW) while the primary effectiveness outcome was the difference in symptom remission (EPDS score ≤ 5) 6 months postpartum.

Cascade training for scaling up care for perinatal depression in primary care in Nigeria.

Background: Task-shared care is a demonstrated approach for integrating mental health into maternal and child healthcare (MCH) services. Training and continued support for frontline providers is key to the success of task sharing initiatives. In most settings this is provided by mental health specialists.

Primary-level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of well-being in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: There is a significant research gap in the field of universal, selective, and indicated prevention interventions for mental health promotion and the prevention of mental disorders. Barriers to closing the research gap include scarcity of skilled human resources, large inequities in resource distribution and utilization, and stigma.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of delivery by primary workers of interventions for the promotion of mental health and universal prevention, and for the selective and indicated prevention of mental disorders or symptoms of mental illness in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Task-sharing psychosocial interventions for the prevention of common mental disorders in the perinatal period in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: to assess the efficacy of psychosocial interventions delivered through task-sharing approaches for preventing perinatal common mental disorders among women in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials following a prespecified protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (osf.io/qt4y3).

Transforming access to care for serious mental disorders in slums (the TRANSFORM Project): rationale, design and protocol.

This paper introduces the TRANSFORM project, which aims to improve access to mental health services for people with serious and enduring mental disorders (SMDs - psychotic disorders and severe mood disorders, often with co-occurring substance misuse) living in urban slums in Dhaka (Bangladesh) and Ibadan (Nigeria). People living in slum communities have high rates of SMDs, limited access to mental health services and conditions of chronic hardship. Help is commonly sought from faith-based and traditional healers, but people with SMDs require medical treatment, support and follow-up.

Assessment of anxiety and depression, and coping mechanisms during COVID-19 lockdown among pregnant women.

Background: COVID-19 lockdown was associated with disruption of daily life, economy, essential health services including maternal health service, and psychological reflexes such as panic, sleep disorders, fear, anxiety, and depression.

Aim: To assess the perception of pregnant women on the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and the prevalence of common mental health disorders (CMHD) among pregnant women.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 pregnant women at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan; participants were enrolled using a simple random sampling technique.

Escaping social rejection, gaining total capital: the complex psychological experience of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) among the Izzi in Southeast Nigeria.

Background: While the deleterious effects of FGM/C on physical health are well documented, the psychological experience of this harmful practice is a neglected area of research, which limits global mental health actions. As FGM/C was a traditional practice in some areas of Nigeria, the study aimed to understand the psychological experience of FGM/C in context.

Methods: This qualitative study was completed in urban and rural Izzi communities in Southeast Nigeria where FGM/C was widely practiced.

Aftermath of anti-police protests in Nigeria: Burden and predictors of psychiatric morbidity among protesters and non-protesters.

Objectives: Anti-police (#EndSARS) protests took place in October 2020 across several Nigerian cities, resulting in deaths, injuries and loss of property, but the psychological sequelae of these protests have not been studied.

Method: In a cross-sectional online survey, we collected data on psychiatric morbidity and potential risk factors from 426 Nigerian social media users, who self-identified as participants or non-participants in a recent anti-police protest.

Results: We found elevated rates of psychiatric morbidity, with worse outcomes for protesters compared to non-protesters (psychological distress [44.

Scaling up care for perinatal depression for improved maternal and infant health (SPECTRA): protocol of a hybrid implementation study of the impact of a cascade training of primary maternal care providers in Nigeria.

Background: The large treatment gap for mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) necessitates task-sharing approaches in scaling up care for mental disorders. Previous work have shown that primary health care workers (PHCW) can be trained to recognize and respond to common mental disorders but there are lingering questions around sustainable implementation and scale-up in real world settings.

Method: This project is a hybrid implementation-effectiveness study guided by the Replicating Effective Programmes Framework.

Reducing anxiety and depression in infertility among Nigerian women: an exploratory psycho-educational intervention trial (RADIANT) study protocol.

Rationale: high premium is placed on infertility in Nigerian culture. Data is limited on its association with emotional problems in Nigeria.

Aims: to develop content for a culturally relevant and cost-effective psychoeducational intervention package and to evaluate its effectiveness for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Forensic mental health service implications of COVID-19 infection in Nigeria.

Forensic mental health services are fledgling in most African countries including Nigeria. The current formulation of such services in Nigeria is correctional psychiatry in addition to some hospital-based services. The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant challenges to the already fragile state of forensic mental health services within the country.

Becoming a Xhosa traditional healer: The calling, illness, conflict and belonging.

Background: Traditional healers (THs) are an important part of the healthcare system in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding their training, experiences of becoming healers and their perceived roles in society is critical.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the experience of becoming a TH, including accepting the calling, and sheds light on how the experience is conceptualised within the cultural and communitarian context of THs.

Common mental health problems and associated factors among medical students of University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: The burden of mental health problems among medical students is on the increase especially when compared with their counterparts in other disciplines. This has counterproductive impact on the society. Understanding the prevalence and predictors of common mental health problems can inform early intervention to curb this menace.

Depression and experience of incarceration in North Central Nigeria: a situation analysis at Makurdi medium security prison.

Background: Human rights watchdogs have described conditions in Nigerian correctional facilities and detention centers as damaging to the physical and mental health of inmates. While the prevalence of mental disorders is high, access to appropriate healthcare is grossly inadequate. Understanding the current state of prison inmates' mental health and well-being is an essential first step to addressing this important issue.

Efficacy of interventions to reduce coercive treatment in mental health services: umbrella review of randomised evidence.

Background: Coercive treatment comprises a broad range of practices, ranging from implicit or explicit pressure to accept certain treatment to the use of forced practices such as involuntary admission, seclusion and restraint. Coercion is common in mental health services.

Aims: To evaluate the strength and credibility of evidence on the efficacy of interventions to reduce coercive treatment in mental health services.

Comorbidity within mental disorders: a comprehensive analysis based on 145 990 survey respondents from 27 countries.

Aims: Epidemiological studies indicate that individuals with one type of mental disorder have an increased risk of subsequently developing other types of mental disorders. This study aimed to undertake a comprehensive analysis of pair-wise lifetime comorbidity across a range of common mental disorders based on a diverse range of population-based surveys.

Methods: The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys assessed 145 990 adult respondents from 27 countries.

Promotion, prevention and treatment interventions for mental health in low- and middle-income countries through a task-shifting approach.

Recently, mental health and ill health have been reframed to be seen as a continuum from health to ill health, through the stages of being asymptomatic 'at risk', to experiencing 'mental distress', 'sub-syndromal symptoms' and finally 'mental disorders'. This new conceptualisation emphasised the importance of mental health promotion and prevention interventions, aimed at reducing the likelihood of future disorders with the general population or with people who are identified as being at risk of a disorder. This concept generated discussion on the distinction between prevention and treatment interventions, especially for those mental health conditions which lie between psychological distress and a formal psychiatric diagnosis.

Partnership for the implementation of mental health policy in Nigeria: a case study of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Programme in Benue State.

Background: 71% of countries in the World Health Organisation's (WHO's) African Region have a stand-alone mental health policy or plan, but only 14% have fully implemented it. In Nigeria, integration of mental health into primary care has been a stumbling block to the implementation of the 1991 National Mental Health Policy, 2013 Policy on Mental Health Services Delivery and the National Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Programme and Action Plan. A partnership between public and private not-for-profits in Benue State, the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Programme (CCMHP) has successfully integrated mental health into primary care in alignment with the national mental health policy and the WHO's mental health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG).

Responding to the challenge of Adolescent Perinatal Depression (RAPiD): protocol for a cluster randomized hybrid trial of psychosocial intervention in primary maternal care.

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is a pressing public health issue globally, and particularly in low and middle-income countries. Depression occurring in the perinatal period is common among women and more so among adolescent mothers. Effective treatments for the condition have been demonstrated in adults but the needs of adolescents are often unique, making such treatments unlikely to meet those needs.

Efficacy of psychosocial interventions for mental health outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: an umbrella review.

Background: Mental health conditions are leading causes of disability worldwide. Psychosocial interventions for these conditions might have a key role in their treatment, although applicability of findings to poor-resource settings might be a challenge. We aimed to evaluate the strength and credibility of evidence generated in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) on the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for various mental health outcomes.

Perceptions of the psychological experiences surrounding female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) among the Izzi in Southeast Nigeria.

Evidence about psychological experiences surrounding female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) remains weak and inconclusive. This article is the first of a series that deploys qualitative methods to ascertain the psychological experiences associated with FGM/C through the lifecycle of women. Using the method, 103 girls and women, aged 12 to 68 years from rural and urban Izzi communities in Southeastern Nigeria, produced narratives to articulate their perceptions of FGM/C.