Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Rhinocladiella mackenziei (formerly Ramichloridium mackenziei): a taxonomic update and review of the literature.

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Rhinocladiella mackenziei (formerly Ramichlo-ridium mackenziei) is extremely rare, and geographically limited to the Middle East. The fungus exclusively targets the brain and infections have a grave prognosis. Eighteen cases have been reported in the literature from 1983 to 2004 with almost 100% mortality.