Whole Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Explain A Patient With Drug-Drug Interaction Between Voriconazole and Flucloxacillin.

Background And Objectives: Voriconazole administered concomitantly with flucloxacillin may result in subtherapeutic plasma concentrations as shown in a patient with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and a probable pulmonary aspergillosis. After switching our patient to posaconazole, therapeutic concentrations were reached. The aim of this study was to first test our hypothesis that flucloxacillin competes with voriconazole not posaconazole for binding to albumin ex vivo, leading to lower total concentrations in plasma.

A case report: Management of carbamazepine intoxication using hemodialysis followed by continuous venovenous hemodialysis.

An 18-year-old woman presented to the emergency department. She had ingested 43 extended-release tablets of carbamazepine 400 mg. Although the patient had high carbamazepine plasma levels and classified as severe intoxication, her clinical symptoms were less severe than expected.

Pharmacogenetics and phenoconversion: the influence on side effects experienced by psychiatric patients.

Preventing side effects is important to ensure optimal psychopharmacotherapy and therapeutic adherence among psychiatric patients. Obtaining the pharmacogenetic profile of and can play an important role in this. When the genotype-predicted phenotype shifts because of the use of co-medication, this is called phenoconversion.

A 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel to prevent adverse drug reactions: an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised crossover implementation study.

Background: The benefit of pharmacogenetic testing before starting drug therapy has been well documented for several single gene-drug combinations. However, the clinical utility of a pre-emptive genotyping strategy using a pharmacogenetic panel has not been rigorously assessed.

Methods: We conducted an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised, crossover implementation study of a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel in 18 hospitals, nine community health centres, and 28 community pharmacies in seven European countries (Austria, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, and the UK).

Optimizing Antiviral Dosing for HSV and CMV Treatment in Immunocompromised Patients.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are DNA viruses that are common among humans. Severely immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of developing HSV or CMV disease due to a weakened immune system. Antiviral therapy can be challenging because these drugs have a narrow therapeutic window and show significant pharmacokinetic variability.

The efficacy of antipsychotics in the treatment of physical aggressive behavior in patients with dementia in nursing homes.

Patients with dementia often suffer from behavioral changes. A common behavioral change is acute physical aggressive behavior which is the most distressing change. This can lead to harm, which is especially problematic in nursing homes.

The effect of non-adherence to antipsychotic treatment on rehospitalization in patients with psychotic disorders.

Background And Aims: Many patients with psychotic disorders are non-adherent to antipsychotic (AP) medication(s), potentially contributing to rehospitalization. It is unknown whether non-adherence in different phases of AP use is associated with rehospitalization. The aim of this study was to assess the association between non-adherence to APs and rehospitalization in patients with psychotic disorders.

Pharmacogenetics Guidelines: Overview and Comparison of the DPWG, CPIC, CPNDS, and RNPGx Guidelines.

Many studies have shown that the efficacy and risk of side effects of drug treatment is influenced by genetic variants. Evidence based guidelines are essential for implementing pharmacogenetic knowledge in daily clinical practice to optimize pharmacotherapy of individual patients. A literature search was performed to select committees developing guidelines with recommendations being published in English.

Predicting rehospitalization in patients treated with antipsychotics: a prospective observational study.

Background: Prediction of rehospitalization in patients treated with antipsychotics is important for identifying patients in need of additional support to prevent hospitalization. Our aim was to identify factors that predict rehospitalization in patients treated with antipsychotics at discharge from a psychiatric hospital.

Methods: Adult patients suffering from schizophrenia, psychotic or bipolar I disorders who had been hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital for ⩾7 days and were treated with oral antipsychotics at discharge were included.

Psychiatric medication use before and after the onset of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Several studies showed a bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes and psychiatric disorders in adults. Because there is limited information on the association between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and psychiatric disorders (including psychiatric medication use) in children and adolescents, we assessed frequency of use of these medications before and after the onset of T1D.

Methods: A population-based cohort study was conducted in the Dutch PHARMO Record Linkage System (1999-2009).

Medication Discontinuation in Patients After Discharge From a Psychiatric Hospital.

Background: Patients discharged from psychiatric hospitals may be at risk for intentional or unintentional discontinuation of their medication.

Objective: To describe and assess the discontinuation of, and changes to, psychiatric and/or somatic medication in patients after discharge from psychiatric hospitals.

Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted in patients discharged from 4 psychiatric hospitals in The Netherlands between 2006 and 2009.

Discontinuation of somatic medication during psychiatric hospitalization.

Background: Psychiatric hospitalization can increase the risk of discontinuation of pharmacotherapy, which may negatively influence patients' health.

Objective: To investigate the association between psychiatric hospitalization and discontinuation of somatic medication.

Methods: A retrospective crossover study was performed in patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital (index date), who had got somatic medication dispensed during the 3 months prior to hospitalization.

Prevalence of medication use for somatic disease in institutionalized psychiatric patients.

Introduction: Psychiatric patients may use medications for their psychiatric condition as well as for treating concurrent somatic diseases or somatic side effects of psychiatric medicines. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of use of medication for somatic disease in institutionalized psychiatric patients and changes therein during 2006-2010.

Method: A cross-sectional study in institutionalized psychiatric patients was performed.

Discontinuation of anticoagulant care during admission to a psychiatric hospital.

Purpose: Continuation of coumarin therapy is important to prevent thromboembolic events. Continuation of medication, unrelated to the reason for hospital admission, may be at risk due to the patient's psychiatric status and the involvement of several physicians in patient care.

Methods: We performed a retrospective follow-up study of users of orally administered anticoagulants who were admitted to a psychiatric hospital.