Being a psychiatrist in the evaluation process of a gun license report: morally challenging experience - a qualitative study from Turkey.

Many psychiatrists in Turkey participate in evaluating health board reports regarding gun licensing in their daily practice. There is no relevant study on the experiences of psychiatrists in this process. In addition, there is no other country where psychiatrists participate in the gun licensing process as in Turkey.

Electrical Conduction Mechanism of Mg-Doped ZrO Thin Films.

Amorphous ZrO thin films with increasing Mg content were deposited on quartz substrates, by dip coating method. The films are transparent in the visible domain and absorbent in UV, with an optical band gap that decreases with the increase of Mg content, from 5.42 eV to 4.

The view of synthetic biology in the field of ethics: a thematic systematic review.

Synthetic biology is designing and creating biological tools and systems for useful purposes. It uses knowledge from biology, such as biotechnology, molecular biology, biophysics, biochemistry, bioinformatics, and other disciplines, such as engineering, mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. It is recognized as both a branch of science and technology.

Discrepancy between IDSA and ESGBOR in Lyme disease: Individual participant meta-analysis in Türkiye.

Background: The evidence on the prevalence of Lyme borreliosis (LB) is limited, but there is a suspicion of overdiagnosis of LB in recent years. We reviewed the LB diagnosis and treatment-related data in Türkiye, based on the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 2020 and European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Lyme Borreliosis (ESGBOR) 2018 guidelines. By detecting the disagreements between these two, we outlined the areas to be improved for future guidelines.

Angiopoietin as a Novel Prognostic Marker in Kidney Disease.

Introduction: Renal injury is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality; however, there are no reliable indicators for determining the likelihood of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), CKD progression, or AKI events. Vascular growth factors called angiopoietins have a role in endothelial function, vascular remodeling, tissue stabilization, and inflammation and have been implicated as prognostic and predictive markers in AKI.

Methods: Although the exact mechanism of the relationship between kidney injury and angiopoietins is unknown, this review demonstrates that AKI patients have higher angiopoietin-2 levels and that higher angiopoietin-1 to angiopoietin-2 ratio may potentially be linked with a reduced risk of the CKD progression.

Kidney and liver fat accumulation: from imaging to clinical consequences.

Background: Recent studies indicate that accumulation of adipose tissue in various organs such as liver and kidney may contribute to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. We aim to investigate the association between kidney and liver adipose tissue accumulation, assessed by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proton density fat fraction technique, along with its relation to clinical and biochemical parameters.

Methods: We included 51 volunteers with phenotypical features of metabolic syndrome (mean age = 34 years, mean body-mass index = 26.

A potential approach toward the management of sepsis: The extracorporeal cytokine hemadsorption therapy.

Infectious diseases are among the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients while systemic inflammatory response syndrome is primarily attributed to the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Despite the improvements in the antibiotherapy alternatives and diagnostic modalities, the morbidity and mortality rates of sepsis and septic shock are relatively high among patients admitted to the intensive care units. Extracorporeal cytokine hemadsorption therapies are therapeutic approaches for such patient group with promising early results that especially have grown during COVID-19 pandemic.

Foley catheter technique for the extraction of coins lodged in the upper esophagus of children.

Introduction: Coins are the most commonly ingested foreign bodies in children. They usually become lodged in the upper oesophagus and should be managed immediately. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with coins lodged in the upper oesophagus, who underwent coin removal using a silicone Foley balloon catheter without fluoroscopy or anaesthesia and evaluate the safety of the procedure.

Is there any robust evidence showing that SGLT2 inhibitor predisposes to cancer?

Background: The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of SGLT-2 inhibitors in the development, progression or treatment of malignancies are not fully understood, but multiple hypotheses have been proposed. SGLT-2 inhibitors have potential anti-proliferative roles due to several underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, such as inhibition of ATP production, activation of AMPK signalling, induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis, inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase activity and inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis. However, heterogeneity among tumour cells and SGLT-2 inhibitor drugs limit the generalizability of pre-clinical studies.

A rare cause of intestinal obstruction in children trichobezoar: How to diagnose?

Background: Trichobezoar is a rare clinical condition in children, which is caused by the accumulation of swallowed hair mass in the digestive tract. This condition is most common in young women with psychiatric histories who suffer from trichotillomania (TTM), where they have an irresistible urge to pull out their hair. Diagnosis and treatment of this pathology, which is already extremely rare, and its variable clinical presentations are challenging.

Endo-laparoscopic scrotal hernia surgery: which technique must we choose to reduce seroma-sac transection or complete sac reduction? A prospective study.

Seroma formation is one of the important postoperative problems in inguinal hernia surgery, especially after scrotal hernia surgery. The present study aimed to present primarily the incidence of seroma after reduction and transection of the hernia sac in endo-laparoscopic scrotal hernia repair, and secondarily the results of early postoperative complications. Patients were divided into two groups TAPP and TEP.

Physical exercise in kidney disease: A commonly undervalued treatment modality.

Background: Physical inactivity has been identified as a risk factor for multiple disorders and a strong association exists between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a sedentary lifestyle. Even though physical activity is crucial in the development and progression of disease, the general focus of the current medical practice is the pharmacological perspective of diseases with inadequate emphasis on lifestyle intervention.

Methods: In this narrative review we explain the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical exercise on CKD in addition to discussing the clinical studies and trials centred on physical exercise in patients with CKD.

Effect of tirzepatide on blood pressure and lipids: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim: To perform a meta-analysis to quantify the effect of tirzepatide on blood pressure and lipids.

Methods: PubMed, Ovid/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and CINAHL databases were screened and the randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of tirzepatide on either blood pressure or lipid profiles were included.

Results: Seven randomized controlled trials have investigated the effects of tirzepatide on blood pressure and lipid profiles.

Urinary System Problems in al-Rãzî's Book, Man lã yaḥḍuruhu al-ṭabîb: Practical Advice for Those Who Cannot Access Physicians and Medical Recourses.

Objectives: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyã al-Rãzî is a historical physician who made theoretical and practical contributions to medicine. The aim of al-Rãzî's book, Man lã yaḥḍuruhu al-ṭabîb, is to provide a valuable benefit to the general public. The book was written for people who do not have access to physicians, critical medical manuscripts, and medications.

Amnioinfusion vs. standard management for the second trimester PPROM: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and RCTs.

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to review the effect of serial transabdominal amnioinfusion (TAI) on short-term and long-term perinatal outcomes in mid-trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Methods: Literature searches of PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were performed from their inception to April 2022. Studies comparing conventional treatment with serial TAI in women with proven PPROM at less than 26 + 0 weeks of gestation with oligohydramnios were included.

Intrauterine life to adulthood: a potential risk factor for chronic kidney disease.

Multiple risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the adult population globally, have been identified, including older age, male gender, family history, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischaemic heart diseases and various medications. Preterm delivery, affecting >10% of the newborns in the USA, is a global concern with increasing incidence in recent decades. Preterm birth has been linked to multiple medical comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, while its association with CKD has recently been investigated.

The association between acute kidney injury and outcomes in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are a novel therapeutic approach to cancer treatment that have changed the landscape of cancer therapy but also have some considerable drawbacks. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of these potential complications that may have effects on patient outcomes. In this review, we assessed the effect of AKI on mortality outcomes in cancer patients receiving this immunotherapy.

Laparoscopic Repair of Morgagni Hernia in Children.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate our patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted transabdominal repair for Morgagni hernia (MH).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent laparoscopy-assisted transabdominal repair using loop sutures for MH between March 2010 and April 2021. Demographic data, symptoms, operative findings, operation methods, and postoperative complications of the patients were reviewed.

The effect of postoperative ventilation strategies on postoperative complications and outcomes in patients with esophageal atresia: Results from the Turkish Esophageal Atresia Registry.

Objectives: Postoperative ventilatory strategies in patients with esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) may have an impact on early postoperative complications. Our national Esophageal Atresia Registry was evaluated to define a possible relationship between the type and duration of respiratory support on postoperative complications and outcome.

Study Design: Among the data registered by 31 centers between 2015 and 2021, patients with esophago-esophageal anastomosis (EEA)/tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) were divided into two groups; invasive ventilatory support (IV) and noninvasive ventilatory support and/or oxygen support (NIV-OS).

An update review on hemodynamic instability in renal replacement therapy patients.

Background: Hemodynamic instability in patients undergoing kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is one of the most common and essential factors influencing mortality, morbidity, and the quality of life in this patient population.

Method: Decreased cardiac preload, reduced systemic vascular resistance, redistribution of fluids, fluid overload, inflammatory factors, and changes in plasma osmolality have all been implicated in the pathophysiology of hemodynamic instability associated with KRT.

Result: A cascade of these detrimental mechanisms may ultimately cause intra-dialytic hypotension, reduced tissue perfusion, and impaired kidney rehabilitation.

Immune checkpoints inhibitors and its link to acute kidney injury and renal prognosis.

Background: Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) may cause acute kidney injury (AKI) and their use is increasing.

Materials And Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients receiving ICPi drugs for solid organ malignancies. ICPi-related AKI, the need for renal replacement therapy during or following ICPi treatment, and the associated mortality was studied.