Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and non-syndromic orofacial cleft: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with several congenital anomalies, including non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs). This systematic review aimed to update the literature on the association between ETS and NSOFCs.

Methods: Four databases were searched up to March 2022, and studies that evaluated the association between ETS and NSOFCs were selected.