The usefulness of B-cell lymphoma-2 immunohistochemical stain in the differentiation between reactive atypia and dysplasia/carcinoma in the gallbladder.

Objective: The differentiation between reactive atypical changes and dysplasia/carcinoma in the daily cases of cholecystectomies is a routine histopathological challenge. Up to our knowledge, no immunohistochemical marker can definitely differentiate between these two changes. Many promising markers have been proposed to be helpful tools in this situation.

Activation of AMPK/SIRT1/FOXO3a signaling by BMS-477118 (saxagliptin) mitigates chronic colitis in rats: uncovering new anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic roles.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a debilitating chronic disease marked by persistent inflammation and intestinal fibrosis. Despite the availability of various treatments, many patients fail to achieve long-term remission, underscoring a significant unmet therapeutic need. BMS-477118, a reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in preclinical and clinical studies with minimal adverse effects compared to other antidiabetic agents.

Modulating the HSP90 control over NFκB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis is a new therapeutic target in the management of liver fibrosis: Insights into the role of TAS-116 (Pimitespib).

Aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is recognized to induce a chronic inflammatory response in the liver, ultimately leading to hepatic fibrosis. HSP90 is suggested to regulate NLRP3 activation and its downstream signaling. This study is the first to explore the potential therapeutic role of pimitespib in mitigating liver fibrosis in rats.

Can silver nanoparticles stabilized by Fenugreek () improve tibial bone defects repair in rabbits? A preliminary study.

Background: A fracture is considered a medical emergency leading to considerable complications.

Aim: This study aimed to describe the accelerating action of Ag-NPs-FG on fracture healing in rabbits.

Methods: Silver NPs (AgNPs) were reduced with fenugreek (FG), loaded into a starch gel base, and investigated for their morphology, size, and charge.

Assessing the Influence of Intermittent Alcohol Access on Acrylamide-Induced Neuronal Toxicity in an Experimental Rat Model.

Tobacco and alcohol have been identified as health risk behaviors associated with significant unfavorable health consequences, ranking within the list of the top ten causes of mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The combustion of tobacco leads to the formation of acrylamide (ACR), which is well known for its neurotoxic effects. Similarly, alcohol consumption has also been widely recognized for its neurotoxic effects.

Hedgehog signaling is a promising target for the treatment of hepatic fibrogenesis: a new management strategy using itraconazole-loaded nanoparticles.

Liver fibrosis is a disease with a great global health and economic burden. Existing data highlights itraconazole (ITRCZ) as a potentially effective anti-fibrotic therapy. However, ITRCZ effect is hindered by several limitations, such as poor solubility and bioavailability.

Novel mutation in alpha-spectrin gene in Saudi patients with hereditary spherocytosis.

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is the most common hereditary hemolytic disorder induced by red blood cell (RBC) membrane defect. This study was undertaken to determine mutations in genes associated with RBC membrane defect in patients with HS such as α-spectrin gene (SPTA1), β-spectrin gene (SPTB), ankyrin gene (ANK1), band 3 anion transport gene (SLC4A1) and erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 gene (EPB41).

Mucormycosis co-infection in COVID-19 patients: An update.

Mucormycosis (MCM) is a rare fungal disorder that has recently been increased in parallel with novel COVID-19 infection. MCM with COVID-19 is extremely lethal, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The collection of available scientific information helps in the management of this co-infection, but still, the main question on COVID-19, whether it is occasional, participatory, concurrent, or coincidental needs to be addressed.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic quarantine on physical, nutritional, psychosocial life and work aspects in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health disaster imposing a nationwide lockdown. This study was undertaken to determine the impact of COVID-19 quarantine on physical, nutritional, psychosocial life, and work aspects on the population of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: Data collection was based on the fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and was analyzed by the Likert-type scale.

Association of genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes Asp312Asn (rs1799793), Lys 751 Gln (rs13181), Arg399 Gln (rs25487) and Thr 241Met (rs861539) with the susceptibility of lung cancer in Saudi population.

This study demonstrated the association of polymorphisms in (Asp312Asn) rs1799793, (Lys751Gln) rs13181, (Arg399Gln) rs25487 and (Thr241Met) rs861539 polymorphisms with a susceptibility of lung cancer (LC) onset in the Saudi population. The study was performed on 134 LC patients and 270 controls. The data revealed that there was no significant association of LC with subtype squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and adenocarcinoma with the rs1799793 polymorphism.

Modulation of mice immune responses against Schistosoma mansoni infection with anti-schistosomiasis drugs: Role of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma.

Objective: () is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean. This study investigated the modulation of immune response against through estimation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) (Th2 cytokine) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) (Th1 cytokine) under the effect of anti-schistosomal drugs.

Methods: Laboratory bred female albino mice ( = 120) were divided into the following groups: untreated mice, infected mice, infected mice treated with artemisinin (ART), arachidonic acid (ARA), nifedipine or praziquantel (PZQ).

COVID-19: Post-recovery long-term symptoms among patients in Saudi Arabia.

Background: After recovery from acute infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many patients experience long-term symptoms in different body systems. The aim of the present study was to identify these symptoms, their severity, and their duration as a first step in building a system to classify post-recovery long-term symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: An online-based cross-sectional survey was administered between September and October 2020.

Physicians based emergency medical services for the management of burn injuries in trauma centers of the center region of Saudi Arabia: evaluation of physicians' knowledge and experience.

Background: Medical services at trauma centers regularly encounter severe burn patients but prehospital care of these patients in Saudi Arabia is comparatively unexplored. This study evaluates the knowledge and experience of physicians working in trauma centers of Qassim province of Saudi Arabia for the management of patients with burn injuries.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study performed on 204 physicians working in the trauma centers of Qassim province.

Early prediction keys for COVID-19 cases progression: A meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUNDː: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), within few months of being declared as a global pandemic by WHO, the number of confirmed cases has been over 75 million and over 1.6 million deaths since the start of the Pandemic and still counting, there is no consensus on factors that predict COVID-19 case progression despite the diversity of studies that reported sporadic laboratory predictive values predicting severe progression. We review different biomarkers to systematically analyzed these values to evaluate whether are they are correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease and so their ability to be a predictor for progression.

Evaluation of Better Staining Method among Hematoxylin and Eosin, Giemsa and Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian Blue for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies.

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the preferred method (Giemsa or periodic acid Schiff-Alcian blue [PAS-AB] stains) of detecting () in gastric mucosal biopsies in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report comparing Giemsa and PAS-AB staining for the detection of in such biopsies.

Methods: The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of 49 gastric biopsies from different patients were collected from the archive of anatomical pathology at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.