Publications by authors named "Abdullah Omari"

Stresses within the tumour microenvironment can mediate post-translational modifications of self-proteins. Homocitrullination is the conversion of lysine to homocitrulline which generates neoepitopes and bypasses self-tolerance. In this study a vaccine targeting homocitrullinated antigens was assessed for stimulation of anti-tumour immunity.

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  • - Obesity increases the chance of wound complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), prompting researchers to examine fat content in preoperative CT images as a potential predictor for these complications.
  • - In a study involving 150 patients, measurements of subcutaneous fat (SCF) at specific knee locations showed that both the lowest and highest levels of SCF were linked to a higher rate of wound complications compared to moderate amounts.
  • - Results indicate that moderate levels of periarticular fat are associated with better postoperative outcomes, highlighting the importance of fat measurement in evaluating surgical risks for TKA patients.
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Background: The purpose of this study was to assess if subcutaneous fat (SCF) or BMI is a predictor of surgical complications and patient reported outcomes in patients undergoing robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: Patients who underwent robotic-assisted primary THAs at one institution between 2018 and 2020 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Prior to surgery, computed tomography (CT) was used to measure SCF in the posterolateral quadrant of the hip.

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Background: Post-translational modification of proteins has the potential to alter the ability of T cells to recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class -I and class-II restricted antigens, thereby resulting in altered immune responses. One such modification is carbamylation (homocitrullination) that results in the formation of homocitrulline (Hcit) residues in a non-enzymatic reaction of cyanate with the lysine residues in the polypeptide chain. Homocitrullination occurs in the tumor microenvironment and CD4-mediated immune responses to Hcit epitopes can target stressed tumor cells and provide a potent antitumor response in mouse models.

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  • * These technologies bring increased precision and personalization to surgeries, leading to better patient outcomes.
  • * The editorial discusses surgeons' changing views on AI and robotics, highlighting their benefits, limitations, and future possibilities based on recent research findings.
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Citrullination and homocitrullination are stress induced post-translational modifications (siPTMs) which can be recognized by T cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were stimulated with nine siPTM-peptides. CD45RA/CD45RO depletion was employed to determine if peptide-specific responses are naïve or memory.

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Introduction: Post translational modification of proteins plays a significant role in immune recognition. In particular the modification of arginine to citrulline which is mediated by PAD enzymes is increased during cellular stress (autophagy) which permits the presentation of modified epitopes upon MHC class II molecules for recognition by CD4 T cells. Citrullination also occurs in tumour cells as a result of continuous environmental stresses and increased autophagy.

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Complex cellular interactions between the immune system and cancer can impact tumour development, growth, and progression. T cells play a key role in these interactions; however, the challenge for T cells is to recognize tumour antigens whilst minimizing cross-reactivity with antigens associated with healthy tissue. Some tumour cells, including those associated with viral infections, have clear, tumour-specific antigens that can be targeted by T cells.

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Article Synopsis
  • Homocitrullination is a modification of lysine to homocitrulline that has been primarily studied in the context of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, as it can trigger immune responses by altering the charge of the amino acid.
  • This process can generate neoepitopes that may stimulate modification-specific immune reactions and is often seen as a contributor to autoimmune diseases, but it may also play a role in protecting against cancer.
  • Research shows that immune responses to homocitrullinated peptides can be induced in both mice and healthy human donors, resulting in potential anti-tumor effects, suggesting a broader relevance of homocitrulline-specific immune responses beyond just autoimmunity.
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Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare condition characterized by non-infectious vegetations affecting the cardiac valves. Although systemic thromboembolism is a commonly associated condition, antiphospholipid syndrome is less common. Nevertheless, treatment generally involves long-term anticoagulation.

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  • * Diagnosis typically relies on clinical history, exams, lab tests, and imaging, but conditions that look like infections may require more invasive procedures like biopsies.
  • * While many spinal infections in children can be treated with antibiotics, some severe cases need surgical intervention, emphasizing the importance of quick and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment.
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Objectives: To ascertain a comprehensive perspective of the impact of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) on people including needs for access to disease specific information, education, services, and support.

Methods: Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics at a tertiary hospital in metropolitan Australia. Telephone and face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine individuals living with PAD and analysed using qualitative content thematic analysis.

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Introduction: Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare disorder that can affect patients at any age, although it is more common to present in the third and fourth decades of life. Most patients are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. However, some may present with symptoms of dyspnea or cough.

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Background:: The evidence regarding the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after foot and ankle surgery in elective patients that need to be 6 weeks non-weight bearing postoperatively is incomplete and has limitations.

Methods:: The prevalence of DVT in 114 procedures involving the hindfoot and midfoot was determined using ultrasonographic surveillance at 2 and 6 weeks after surgery.

Results:: The prevalence of DVT was observed to be 25.

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Aortic valve replacement in patients with dextrocardia and situs inversus totalis is technically challenging due to anatomical considerations. Modifications of the cannulation strategy and operative tool sets are helpful. We report a 47-year-old man who had dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis with severe aortic regurgitation.

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The prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among patients with ankle and foot fractures in Australia treated nonsurgically is unknown. Indications for thromboprophylaxis screening and management are unclear. The primary outcome was the prevalence rate of DVT among nonsurgically managed ankle and foot fracture patients.

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Background: To assess and compare performance of the Alvarado score and computed tomography scan in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis at King Hussein Medical Center.

Methods: A total of 320 patients with suspected acute appendicitis were included in this study over a period of 2 years. The Alvarado score was calculated for all of these patients and 112 CT scans were requested selectively by surgeons caring for the patients.

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International guidelines and consensus groups recommend using a risk assessment tool (RAT) to assess Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) risk prior to the prescription of prophylaxis. We set out to examine how an electronic RAT was being used (i.e.

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Introduction: Obesity and diabetes are difficult to treat in public clinics. We sought to determine the effectiveness of the Metabolic Rehabilitation Program (MRP) in achieving long-term weight loss and improving glycaemic control versus "best practice" diabetes clinic (DC) in obese patients using a retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Patients with diabetes and BMI > 30 kg/m(2) who attended the MRP, which consisted of supervised exercise and intense allied health integration, or the DC were selected.

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Intraosseous access is an alternative route of pharmacotherapy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides cardiac and respiratory support when conventional therapies fail. This case reports the use of intraosseous thrombolysis and ECMO in a patient with acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE).

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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized medical patients. Evidence-based guidelines exist for preventing VTE; unfortunately, these guidelines are not always adhered to by clinicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability, utility and clinical impact of an educational outreach visit (EOV) on nurses' provision of mechanical prophylaxis to hospitalized medical patients using a prospective, uncontrolled, before-and-after design.

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