Maternal Exposure to Stress During Covid-19 and Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Cohort Retrospective Study.

Objective: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic presents an opportunity to study stress's effect on the development of non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs). This study was aimed at assessing maternal stress exposure during the pregestational to first trimester pregnancy periods and the development of NSOFCs during a year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: Cohort study of infants with NSOFCs and controls matched based on recruitment site and age.

Incidence of non-syndromic orofacial cleft during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: This is the first national study to investigate the incidence of non-syndromic oro-facial clefts (NSOFC) and Pierre-Robin-Sequence in Saudi Arabia over the Covid-19 pandemic period.

Methods: All maternity hospitals (30-hospitals) in the major regions and cities of Saudi from November 2020-to-2021 were included in the study. Patients were evaluated for cleft phenotype using the LASHAL-classification system.

Dupilumab: An emerging therapy in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis.

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a highly resistant disease and is challenging to treat. Patients with recurrent attacks of the disease despite surgical management can benefit from biologics as adjunct therapies. Dupilumab has shown promising endpoints in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).

Viridans Group Streptococcus Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Child: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Viridans group streptococci (VGS) are commensal organisms in humans that are considered contaminants when isolated from culture specimens. However, VGS can be pathogenic when recovered multiple times from blood cultures or when in immunocompromised hosts. VGS are the leading cause of dental abscesses and infective endocarditis in children with underlying congenital heart diseases.

Primary Juvenile Sjögren's Syndrome in a 3-Year-Old Pediatric Female Patient: Diagnostic Role of Salivary Gland Ultrasonography: Case Report.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting mainly the salivary and lacrimal glands characterized by lymphocytic infiltration which results in gland destruction and impairment of functions. SS rarely affects pediatric patients, and there are no clear diagnostic criteria as there are with adult SS. The present case reports an atypical case of SS in a 3-year-old female who was closely followed up with for 5 years.

Ambient air quality in the holy city of Makkah: A source apportionment with elemental enrichment factors (EFs) and factor analysis (PMF).

Air pollution remains a major global public health and environmental issue. We assessed the levels of PM and delineated the major sources in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Fine particulate matter (PM) sampling was performed from February 26, 2014-January 27, 2015 in four cycles/seasons.

Fine particles exposure and cardiopulmonary morbidity in Jeddah: A time-series analysis.

Health effects linked to PM, have been extensively studied in developed countries of Europe and N. America. However, little has been done in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East.

Eosinophilic esophagitis in children from Western saudi arabia: relative frequency, clinical, pathological, endoscopic, and immunological study.

Background and Purpose. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is an evolving allergic disease with an accelerated incidence. The purpose of this study was to delineate the relative frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of EE in children from western Saudi Arabia.