Knowledge and Awareness Among Parents of Pediatric Patients Regarding the Complications of Recurrent Adenotonsillitis and Its Surgical Treatment.

Background Given that parents act as both decision-makers and caregivers for their children, focusing on their experiences in managing their child's complex postoperative recovery is important. Objective To evaluate the parents' awareness regarding adenotonsillar diseases and post-adenotonsillectomy complications in their children. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving parents and guardians of pediatric patients aged 1-14 years scheduled to undergo adenotonsillectomy according to Paradise Criteria at Ohud Hospital, Al Madinah.

Species Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Coagulase- Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection Specimens.

Objective: To determine the incidence of Coagulase- negative S. aureusin urinary tract infections and sensitivities of these isolates to antimicrobial agents.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Prevalence and emerging resistance of Moraxella catarrhalis in lower respiratory tract infections in Karachi.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis in sputum cultures from patients with lower respiratory tract infection and their antimicrobial sensitivity profiles.

Methods: The study comprised sputum specimens of 776 patients at various branches of Dr Essa's Diagnostic Lab, Karachi. The specimens were cultured on blood, chocolate, and eosin methylene blue agars between October 2010 and October 2011.

Increasing ciprofloxacin resistance of isolates from infected urines of a cross-section of patients in Karachi.

Background: The objective of the research was to evaluate the current effectiveness of ciprofloxacin on the uropathogens prevalent in infected urines of a cross-section of patients in Karachi, Pakistan.

Findings: An observational study conducted in a private diagnostic laboratory and its branches in key areas of Karachi City from February 2010 to July 2011. A total of 2963 consecutive urine samples were cultured on chocolate agar, CLED medium and selective EMB agar.

Current efficacy of antibiotics against Klebsiella isolates from urine samples - a multi-centric experience in Karachi.

Due to emergence of bacterial resistant strains, the effectiveness of current antibiotic treatment without culture/sensitivity testing is questionable. Our study aims to assess the present sensitivity profiles of Klebsiella isolates from urine samples and provide options for empiric prescription in critically ill patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected over a period of 28 months till January 2011 from 1,617 urine samples of subjects presenting with Urinary Tract Infections were identified at a local diagnostic lab using standard protocol and subjected to Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion sensitivity testing.

Frequency of HBsAg positivity: a laboratory data analysis.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the current frequency ratio of HBsAg seropositivity in a laboratory-based setting. It was a retrospective study, conducted during September 2009 and November 2010 at Dr. Essa's Diagnostic Laboratory and its branches in Karachi, Pakistan.

Temporal expression of extracellular products of Staphylococcus aureus in vivo mouse cage model.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that Staphylococcus aureus genome has regulatory genes which coordinate the expression of extracellular products, and particular genes not expressed in vitro conditions may be turned on in a vivo environment.

Methods: The study was conducted at the Immunology and Infectious Disease Research Laboratory (IIDRL), Microbiology Department, Husein Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute (HEJ), Animal House, Karachi University, from July to December 2009. Micro pore Teflon cages using a mouse cage model were fixed into the subcutaneous tissue in Albino mice (BALB/c) on their dorsal surface.

Enteric fever in Karachi: current antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonellae isolates.

Objective: To determine the current sensitivity and resistance profile of Salmonellae (S.) isolates in a laboratory setting.

Study Design: An observational study.

Current pattern of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates and the emergence of vancomycin resistance.

Objective: To determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance in the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and define the possible emergence of Vancomycin resistant S.

Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome.

The incidence of Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) is about 1 in 20,000. People with CAIS are normal appearing females, despite the presence of testes and a 46, XY chromosome constitution. We came across a case in which a 17 years old girl presented with the complaint of inguinal hernia and amenorrhea.