Campylobacter jejuni activates NF-kappaB independently of TLR2, TLR4, Nod1 and Nod2 receptors.

Campylobacter jejuni activates the host transcription factor NF-kappaB that regulates the expression of a number of genes involved in the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Signaling pathways leading to NF-kappaB by pathogens and/or their products include transmembrane Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and intracellular receptors nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins (Nods). This study was carried out to investigate the role of TLRs (TLR2 and TLR4) and Nods (Nod1 and Nod2) receptors in mediating NF-kappaB activation by C.