Small molecule, big impacts: Nano-nutrients for sustainable agriculture and food security.

Human existence and the long-term viability of society depend on agriculture. Overuse of synthetic fertilizers results in increased contamination of the land, water, and atmosphere as well as financial constraints. In today's modern agriculture, environmentally friendly technology is becoming more and more significant as a substitute for conventional fertilizers and chemical pesticides.

Radiographical and clinical results of a new conservative treatment algorithm in Legg-Calvè-Perthes disease: A retrospective study.

Objective: This study aimed to establish a feasible conservative treatment algorithm for Legg-Calvè-Perthes Disease (LCPD), clarify its limitations, and evaluate the correlations between radiographical and clinical results.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with LCPD and treated conservatively were evaluated retrospectively; 39 hips from 35 patients were included. The treatment protocol consisted of intermittent manual traction, range of motion exercises, activity limitation, bed rest, NSAID (ibuprofen 100mg/5mL), and ASA (100mg/day) during attack periods.

Effects of ZnO Nanoparticles and Ethylenediamine-,'-Disuccinic Acid on Seed Germination of Four Different Plants.

The release of nanoparticles and biodegradable chelating agents into the environment may cause toxicological and ecotoxicological effects. The aim of this study is to determine the ecotoxic effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) on most cultured four plants. The durum wheat, bread wheat, barley, and rye are exposed to 5 mL 10 mg L ZnO nanoparticles and 10 mg L EDDS in the seed germination stage.

Factors predicting the outcomes of incomplete triple pelvic osteotomy.

Introduction: In the present study, we identified factors affecting the outcomes of patients who underwent incomplete triple pelvic osteotomies due to acetabular dysplasia.

Methods: Data on a total of 58 hips in 50 patients for whom adequate data were available and who had undergone appropriate follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. We used Ömeroğlu scores for radiological evaluation, Harris Hip Scores for clinical evaluation, Tönnis scores to evaluate osteoarthritis progression and a modified Clavien-Dindo classification to evaluate complications.

Middle and long term radiologic and functional results of childhood supracondylar humeral fractures operated in first 24 hours with limited medial approach.

Objective: To investigate the middle- and long-term radiological and functional results of children with type III supracondylar humerus fractures treated with a limited medial approach and internal fixation.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at Department of Orthopaedics in Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, and comprised data of children who underwent surgery between April 1991 and June 2009. Patients in group I underwent surgery within the first 8 hours after admission, and those in group II did so 8-24 hours after admission.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip associated with aplasia of the pubic bone (hook-pelvis): report of a case and review of the literature.

Aplasia of the pubic bone associated with congenital hip dislocation is rare. Various dysmorphic conditions featuring absence or hypoplasia of the ischiopubic bone, associated with congenital hip dislocation, have been distinguished in the literature. We report the case of an 18-month-old boy with developmental dysplasia of the hip associated with isolated total aplasia of the pubic bone.

Early results of distal metatarsal osteotomy with K-wire fixation in the treatment of tailor's bunion.

Objective: Tailor's bunion deformity is a lateral side bone and soft tissue prominence of the fifth metatarsal bone. The aim of our study was to assess the clinical and radiographic results of distal metatarsal osteotomies in patients with tailor's bunion deformity.

Methods: This study included 24 feet of 14 patients with tailor's bunion who were treated with distal metatarsal osteotomy of the 5th metatarsal between 2006 and 2009.

Closed total talar extrusion after ankle sprain.

Closed total talus dislocation from tibiotalar, subtalar, and talonavicular joints is a very rare injury. A 25-year-old young man, who had severe ankle distortion while walking down a flight of stairs, was brought to the emergency room complaining of a deformity and pain in his ankle joint. Roentgenographies revealed total talar body extrusion.

Transverse incision for calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fractures.

A number of incision options are available to surgeons approaching the posterior aspect of the calcaneus for repair of fractures of the posterosuperior aspect of the body of the calcaneus. In this brief communication, we depict our preference for the use of a transverse posterior calcaneal incision for reduction and fixation of avulsion fractures of the calcaneus. The advantages of this particular incisional approach include adequate exposure to the underlying target structures, orientation of the scar in line with relaxed skin tension lines, which minimizes scar formation, and avoidance of dissection of the Achilles tendon.

Botulinum toxin as a solution in voluntary hip dislocation after modular unipolar hemiarthroplasty.

This article presents a case of an 82-year-old woman with Alzheimer's disease who was treated with a modular unipolar hemiarthroplasty for a right femoral neck fracture, which she voluntarily dislocated 3 times in the first postoperative week. The hip was stable in all directions, even in 60 degrees internal rotation, 0 degrees abduction, and 90 degrees flexion. The patient was mobilized 1 day postoperatively with full weight bearing.

Treatment of reverse oblique trochanteric femoral fractures with proximal femoral nail.

Treatment of reverse oblique trochanteric femoral fractures is still challenging. We present the results of our proximal nailing surgery performed for reverse obliquity intertrochanteric fractures using two lag screws and evaluated the quality of the reduction, operative time, complications and functional status of the patients. Fifteen patients with AO/OTA 31 A-A3 fractures were treated by proximal femoral nailing in our trauma centre.

Treatment of Tönnis type II hip dysplasia with or without open reduction in children older than 18 months: a preliminary report.

Purpose: In this study, we aim to investigate whether the hip with Tönnis type II dysplasia in children older than 18 months can be treated without open reduction.

Methods: In our study, 47 hips (47 patients) with type II developmental dysplasia of the hip according to the Tönnis classification were treated by a combination of open reduction through an anterolateral approach with iliopsoas tenotomy followed by innominate osteotomy and capsulorrhaphy or iliopsoas tenotomy followed by innominate osteotomy. The patients with open reduction constitute the open Salter group (32 hips), while the rest of the patients with innominate osteotomy alone constitute the closed Salter group (15 hips).

Torus fracture of the distal radius associated with distal radioulnar joint instability: a case report.

Torus fractures of distal radius are common in children and usually rendered stable and innocent. In this report, we present a case of distal radius torus fracture associated with distal radioulnar joint instability and emphasize the importance of the physical examination before and after roentgenographic evaluations.

Delayed surgical treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in children using a medial approach.

Purpose: The appropriate management of supracondylar humerus fractures in children is frequently delayed due to various factors, and there is still no agreement on the treatment of choice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of delayed treatment of displaced supracondylar humerus fractures on the treatment results and complication rate.

Methods: A total of 31 children with supracondylar humerus fractures who had not received adequate treatment for their displaced fractures were included in this study.

Correlation between posteromedial or posterolateral displacement and cubitus varus deformity in supracondylar humerus fractures in children.

Purpose: Cubitus varus deformity is one of the most common complications after displaced supracondylar humeral fractures in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the fracture displacement and cubitus varus deformity in displaced supracondylar humerus fractures.

Methods: Seventeen patients (11 males/6 females; mean age 7 years) with cubitus varus deformities occurring after Gartland type III posteromedial or posterolateral displaced supracondylar humerus fractures were evaluated with clinical and serial radiographic examinations.

A new radiographic measurement method for evaluation of tibial torsion: a pilot study in adults.

Unlabelled: Computed tomography (CT) frequently is used to determine torsional abnormalities. However, its use in clinical practice may be limited. We present a new method for measuring tibial torsion using conventional radiographs.

Simultaneous ipsilateral proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal dislocation of the fifth phalanx: A case report.

Introduction: There is no case of simultaneous ipsilateral proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal dislocation of a finger in the literature.

Case Presentation: A 61 years old male patient sustained an ipsilateral dorsal dislocation of the PIP joint of his fifth finger and dorsal dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Closed reduction of proximal interphalangeal joint was achieved while open reduction of the metacarpophalangeal joint was carried out.

Intraoperative dislocation of the prosthetic femoral head into the pelvis during total hip arthroplasty.

An 86-year-old woman with severe osteoarthritis and severe pain in her left hip underwent total hip arthroplasty. Intraoperatively, the 22 mm femoral head impinged on the anterior rim of the acetabulum during a reduction maneuver, and disengagement of the femoral head from the neck occurred with migration of the head over the pelvic brim along the inner table of the pelvis. This complication related with hip arthroplasty is underestimated by many orthopaedic surgeons.

Pyomyositis of tensor fascia lata: a case report.

Introduction: Pyomyositis is a disease in which an abscess is formed deep within large striated muscles.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 10-year-old boy who presented with fever and a painful hip and was subsequently diagnosed with pyomyositis of the tensor fascia lata. In children with clinical and laboratory findings of inflammation in the vicinity of the hip joint, the differential diagnosis includes transient synovitis, an early stage of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, infectious arthritis of the hip, rheumatologic diseases and extracapsular infection such as osteomyelitis.

[The results of treatment in pediatric Monteggia equivalent lesions].

Objectives: We evaluated the results of conservative and surgical treatment of pediatric Monteggia equivalent lesions.

Methods: The study included 13 children (3 females, 10 males; mean age 8 years; range 4 to 13 years) who underwent treatment for Monteggia equivalent lesions. Seven patients (53.

Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia in the humerus.

Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia is an uncommon, benign bone lesion that causes deformity of the long bones in young children. It has most commonly been encountered in the proximal tibia, and very rarely in the long bones of the upper limb, that is, the proximal humerus, distal radius, ulna, and proximal phalanx. Only one case of focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia of the proximal humerus has been reported previously.

Fractures of the bilateral distal radius and scaphoid: a case report.

Introduction: Bilateral fractures of the distal radius and scaphoid are extremely rare injuries.

Case Presentation: A patient with bilateral comminuted, displaced distal fractures of the radius and bilateral fractures of the scaphoid was treated via internal fixation of the scaphoid fractures with Herbert screws and internal fixation of the distal radius fractures with locked volar plating.

Conclusion: Rigid internal fixation of distal radius and scaphoid fractures is mandatory to start early active rehabilitation of the wrist without the need for wrist immobilization with a plaster or external skeletal fixation.

[Calcific myonecrosis].

Calcific myonecrosis is a rare complication of limb trauma, that may occur after many years. It is characterized by dystrophic calcification that develops in the late period following compartment syndrome usually in the lower limb. We present a 66-year-old man who developed calcific myonecrosis 35 years after surgical intervention for compartment syndrome secondary to a gunshot injury to the left thigh.

[The results of the Grice subtalar extra-articular arthrodesis for pes planovalgus deformity in patients with cerebral palsy].

Objectives: We evaluated the results of the Grice subtalar extra-articular arthrodesis for pes planovalgus deformity in patients with cerebral palsy and its effectiveness in providing hindfoot alignment.

Methods: Grice subtalar extra-articular arthrodesis was performed for pes planovalgus deformity in 14 feet of nine patients (5 males, 4 females; mean age 10.3 years; range 6 to 12 years) with cerebral palsy.