Effect of partially hydrolyzed synbiotic formula milk on weight gain of late preterm and term infants-a multicenter study.

Introduction: Data on the effectiveness of hydrolyzed infant formula containing both pre- and probiotics (synbiotic formula) on the growth of infants is still scarce. This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the effect of a partially hydrolyzed synbiotic formula on growth parameters and the possible occurrence of major gastrointestinal adverse events or morbidities in infants born via cesarean section (C-section) delivery.

Methods: C-section-delivered term and late preterm infants who received either partially hydrolyzed synbiotic formula, standard formula, or maternal milk and followed at seven different hospitals from five different regions of Turkey, during a 1-year period with a minimum follow-up duration of 3 months were evaluated retrospectively.

High-Resolution Computed Tomography Scores in Cases of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) carries a risk of long-term pulmonary sequelae. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a method of detecting such structural changes. This study is aimed at characterizing structural abnormalities associated with BPD and at evaluating the clinical findings in the newborn period associated with HRCT scores.

Association Between Umbilical Cord Levels of Glypican-1, Glypican-3, Syndecan-1, WISP1, Leptin and Birth Weight of Small, Appropriate, and Large for Gestational Age Infants.

Background: Many factors are affecting intrauterine growth. The role of Wingless-type (Wnt) inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), a novel adipokine and placental proteoglycans in intrauterine growth, is not known. We aimed to measure umbilical cord blood levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, WISP1, and placental proteoglycans [glypican-1 (GPC1), glypican-3 (GPC3), and syndecan-1 (SDC1)] which are thought to have an important role in fetal growth and investigate their relation with birth weight.

Y Chromosome Material in Turner Syndrome.

Background Turner Syndrome (TS) is a frequently identified chromosomal disease in humans characterized by short stature, sexual infantilism, streak gonads, primary amenorrhea, and a number of somatic anomalies. Approximately 55% of TS individuals have a nonmosaic 45,X karyotype. In addition, a cell line with a Y chromosome is present in 5% of patients, which is undetectable by the standard cytogenetic analysis.

Ileal atresia and severe cerebral injury after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation treatment for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.

Background: Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a significant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) is the optimal treatment option for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome; but can cause central nervous system, extremity and intestinal system injury.

Case: We report the case report of ileal atresia and severe cerebral infarction co-occurrence after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation treatment.

Tidal breath in healthy term newborns: An analysis from the 2nd to the 30th days of life.

Background: Few data are available concerning normative lung function parameters measured in unsedated neonates.

Aim: To evaluate lung function changes in neonates.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, tidal breath parameters were measured using the MasterScreen PAED system and standardized protocols.

Experience with Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Newborns with Congenital Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia.

Background: Effective treatment and close monitoring of hypoglycemia in children with congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (CHH) is vital to prevent brain damage. The current use of capillary sampling schedules does not provide a comprehensive assessment of glycemic status and fails to detect asymptomatic hypoglycemia episodes.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy and accuracy of a real-time continuous glucose monitoring system (RT-CGMS) in neonates with CHH.

Comparison of Changes in Breast Milk Macronutrient Content During the First Month in Preterm and Term Infants.

This study aims to achieve a better understanding of the trend of maternal milk macronutrient levels by analyzing protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and energy content of the breast milk and investigate the possible confounders of macronutrient content during the first 4 weeks of lactation to meet the specific needs of babies, guide optimum fortification of maternal milk. Breast milk from 39 mothers who had delivered preterm infants and 21 mothers of term infants were collected longitudinally for the first 4 weeks of lactation. Fresh milk samples were obtained on day 3, 7, 14, and 28 of lactation.

Retinopathy of prematurity risk factors: Does human milk prevent retinopathy of prematurity?

Akyüz-Ünsal Aİ, Key Ö, Güler D, Bekmez S, Sagus M, Akcan AB, Kurt-Omurlu İ, Anık A, Oruç-Dündar S, Türkmen M. Retinopathy of prematurity risk factors: Does human milk prevent retinopathy of prematurity? Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 13-19. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) development and the potential effect of human breast milk among these factors.

The effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the newborn rat hyperoxic lung injury.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an important cause of morbidity in preterms. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease while omega-3 fatty acids are known to have anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the effects of supplementary omega-3 fatty acids on hyperoxic lung injury.

A Rare Complication of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation: Inadvertent Ligation of the Left Pulmonary Artery.

The inadvertent ligation of the left pulmonary artery (LPA) is a rarely seen surgical complication that has been presented in the literature in a limited number of cases after patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation surgery. Case Report: A PDA closure operation was performed on our patient, a 28-week-old preterm. In the postoperative follow-up, we identified on echocardiography taken on the same postoperative day that the ductus space was still present.

A Systemic-Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patient with Reduced Anakinra Treatment Admitted with an Attack.

Interleukin-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA), and the use of anti-interleukin-1 therapy has been increasing. We report a case of a 14-year-old male patient with SoJIA. He was in remission with anakinra treatment for almost 2 years.

Rarely Seen Nasal Congenital Problems Causing Neonatal Upper Respiratory Obstruction: A Case Series.

Since newborns are obligatory nasal breathers, upper respiratory tract problems may sometimes be life threatening. The most common pathology causing dyspnea and stridor in newborns is laryngomalacia. Nasal cavity pathologies that risk the neonatal airway are more rarely met.

Low-cost home-use light-emitting-diode phototherapy as an alternative to conventional methods.

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate whether a portable, light-weight, light-emitting-diode phototherapy unit designed for home use is as effective as conventional blue-light fluorescent phototherapy (CFP) for treating hyperbilirubinemia in neonates.

Methods: A total of 50 patients were recruited sequentially for treatment using CFP (n = 25) and the home-type phototherapy unit (n = 25).

Results: The average rate of decrease in bilirubin levels was 0.

Effects of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Purpose: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy is used in inflammatory diseases but the use of immunoglobulin as a treatment for acute lung injury (ALI) has not been previously studied. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of of ALI. Therefore we examined the levels of TGF-β and lung inflammation scores in IVIG treated ALI models.

Is (99m)Tc-MDP whole body bone scintigraphy adjuvant to (18)F-FDG-PET for the detection of skeletal metastases?

Purpose: Due to the fact that fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET/CT) and technetium-99m-methylenediphosphonate ((99m)Tc-MDP) whole body scans identify bone metastases by different mechanisms, i.e. by using glucose metabolism and osteoblastic response in the bone, respectively, it can be expected that there may be some differences between these two methods in the number of lesions identified.

Peripherally inserted central venous catheters in critically ill premature neonates.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) and their complications in critically ill premature neonates.

Methods: A retrospective collection of data of infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) who underwent PICC placement over a 2-year period. Gestational age, birth weight (BW), sex, site of catheter placement, reason for catheter removal, duration of the catheter use, proven sepsis, type of the reported organism and the rate of complications were collected.

The efficacy of cardiac findings in assessing the outcome in preterms with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objectives: To evaluate if cardiac dysfunctions are important in assessing the outcome in newborns with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), by evaluating cardiac functions with N-terminal prohormone of brain natriüretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, M-mode and tissue doppler echocardiography at 6-12 mo of age.

Methods: Twenty eight patients were retrospectively classified as mild, moderate and severe according to the diagnostic criterias for BPD. All cases were assessed with standard M-mode, tissue doppler echocardiography and NT-proBNP levels.

Nanoduct sweat conductivity measurements in 2664 patients: relationship to age, arterial blood gas, serum electrolyte profiles and clinical diagnosis.

Background: The Nanoduct(®) device has acceptable diagnostic accuracy, but there is not enough systematic data supporting its usage in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF).

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with an indication for the sweat test was conducted. The conductivity test was repeated in patients who had values higher than 60 mmol/L, and they were referred for sweat chloride measurements.