Assessment of Sonographic Carotid Parameters in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparative Case Control Study.

Objective: To compare carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), systolic and diastolic diameters (D), intima-media thickness/diameter ratio (IDR) values in children with ASD, and control groups, and to analyze the correlation of these parameters with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores.

Methods: This prospective case-control study included 37 children diagnosed with ASD and 38 individuals without ASD in the control group. Correlation assessments of sonographic measurements with CARS scores in the ASD group were also performed.

Assessment of COVID-19 trauma responses. Who has been more traumatized during the pandemic?

Background And Objective: To evaluate the effect of cognitive and sociodemographic characteristics of healthcare and non-healthcare workers on their traumatic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Data were collected using an online survey between August-September 2020. The survey included the following scales: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R).

[Validity and Reliability of the Parents Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale].

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of PISMI-TR, the Parents Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale, which had been previously adapted to the Turkish.

Method: The data of this methodological study were acquired between June 2017 and August 2018 from the parents of 281 individuals who were diagnosed with a mental disorder and followed up at the adult psychiatry polyclinics of a university hospital, by means of an Information Form, the PISMI-TR scale and the Beliefs toward Mental Illness (BMI) scale. SPSS 22.

Family History in Patients with Bipolar Disorder.

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to better understand the genetic transmission of bipolar disorder by examining the family history of patients.

Methods: Sixty-three patients with bipolar disorder and their families were included. The final sample comprised 156 bipolar patients and their family members.

A Case of Skin Picking Disorder of a Patient with a History of Childhood Abuse.

Skin picking (excoriation) disorder is the recurrent excoriation of one's own skin, resulting in noticeable skin damage. People pick their skin for different reasons. For the majority of patients, first skin picking is associated with a history of childhood abuse and personal problems.

Evaluation of Paraoxonase, Arylesterase and Malondialdehyde Levels in Schizophrenia Patients Taking Typical, Atypical and Combined Antipsychotic Treatment.

Objective: Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) prevents lipids from peroxidation and functions as an antioxidant mechanism. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) is the final product of lipid peroxidation and can be used as an indicator of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate PON1, MDA, and arylesterase (ARY) levels in schizophrenic patients who are taking typical, atypical, or combined (typical and atypical) antipsychotic drug treatment, with respect to those of healthy controls.

Decreased Prolidase Activity in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Objective: Many neurochemical systems have been implicated in the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The prolidase enzyme is a cytosolic exopeptidase that detaches proline or hydroxyproline from the carboxyl terminal position of dipeptides. Prolidase has important biological effects, and to date, its role in the etiology of PTSD has not been studied.

Evaluation of Risk Factors for ADHD and Co-Morbid Psychiatric Disorders Among the Parents of Children With ADHD.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of ADHD and other psychiatric disorders among parents with at least one child with ADHD relative to parents with children who do not have ADHD.

Method: Eighty five parents of children with ADHD with 68 control parents who had healthy children without ADHD were interviewed for participation in present study. Each parent was evaluated for co-existing psychiatric disorders using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM IV Axis I Disorders (SCID I).

Diagnostic performance of increased prolidase activity in schizophrenia.

We investigated whether prolidase activity has a diagnostic test value in schizophrenia and assessed the relation between prolidase activity and sociodemographic-clinical characteristics of patients with schizophrenia. Fifty patients with schizophrenia (diagnosed as schizophrenia according to DSM-V criteria) and 50 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Case and control groups had a similar distribution in age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status.

Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with major depressive disorder undergoing no pharmacological therapy.

Studies attempting to clarify the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and the immune system have been increasing in recent years. It was reported that increased production of the main proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and that of acute phase reactants may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of depression. Stress and depression were reported to increase leukocyte and neutrophil counts and to decrease lymphocyte count.

Altered lipid peroxidation markers are related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and not trauma itself in earthquake survivors.

The traumatic life events, including earthquakes, war, and interpersonal conflicts, cause a cascade of psychological and biological changes known as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a reliable marker of lipid peroxidation, and paraoxonase is a known antioxidant enzyme. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between earthquake trauma, PTSD effects on oxidative stress and the levels of serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme activity, and levels of serum MDA.

Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with bipolar disorder.

Objective: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofetal glycoprotein that is widely used as a tumour marker in adenocarcinomas. However, several non-neoplastic conditions, including acute and chronic inflammation and other inflammation-related conditions, are characterised by increased CEA concentrations. Bipolar disorder (BD) ranks seventh among the worldwide burden of non-fatal diseases.

Serum total oxidant and antioxidant status in earthquake survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Objective: Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although there are some studies on oxidative stress and PTSD, there is no report available on the serum total oxidant and antioxidant status in earthquake survivors with PTSD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the serum total oxidant and antioxidant status in earthquake survivors with chronic PTSD.

Relations between mood characteristics, circadian preferences, and functionality in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disorder that results in demyelinization of the nerve fibers of the central nervous system. We aimed to determine chronobiological and mood features in patients with MS.

Methods: The sample comprised 75 patients with MS (54 women and 21 men) and 50 healthy individuals (38 women and 12 men).

Magnetic resonance imaging in children under anesthesia: the relationship between the degree of information provided to parents and parents' anxiety scores.

We aimed to investigate the correlation between the anxiety scores of parents whose children are administered anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the level of information provided to them before the MRI. The study included 146 children and their parents. The demographic information of the children and their parents was recorded.

Decreased serum sulphydryl levels as a sign of increased oxidative stress in generalized anxiety disorder.

Objective: In recent years, many published studies have focused on the relationship between oxidative stress and psychiatric disorders. However, studies in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are few despite relatively high prevalence rates. In an attempt to fill this gap in the literature we aimed to measure serum levels of free sulphydryl, an important member of antioxidant defense mechanisms, of the patients with GAD.

Latent class analysis of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a clinical sample.

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is probably a heterogeneous condition. To date, research investigating the symptom structure of OCD has generally focused on variable-classification approaches, primarily factor analysis. Our aim was to use the latent class analysis, an advanced individual-classification method, in order to define homogeneous sub-groups based on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Check List (Y-BOCS CL) assessments within 193 outpatients with OCD.

Mood and metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation as a potential endophenotype' in bipolar disorder.

It has been commonly recognized that circadian rhythm and sleep/wake cycle are causally involved in bipolar disorder. There has been a paucity of systematic research considering the relations between sleep and mood states in bipolar disorder. The current study examines the possible influences of sleep deprivation on mood states and endocrine functions among first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls.

Relations between childhood traumatic experiences, dissociation, and cognitive models in obsessive compulsive disorder.

Objective: Previous studies have indicated that obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with childhood traumatic experiences and higher levels of dissociation. Dissociative tendency may arise when individual attempt to incorporate adverse experiences into cognitive schema.

Methods: We investigated the possible links among childhood trauma, dissociation, and cognitive processes.

The impact of obsessive beliefs on pharmacological treatment response in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective: The present study examined whether obsessive beliefs change over time in the OCD patients receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the impact of obsessive beliefs in treatment response.

Methods: In the first part of a two-stage study comparing the efficacy of antipsychotics as augmenting agent in SSRI-resistant OCD patients, 57 patients were interviewed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44) before and after 12-week of SSRI treatment period.

Results: All OBQ-44 subscale scores significantly decreased with SSRI treatment.

Role of patient chronotype on circadian pattern of myocardial infarction: a pilot study.

Population-based studies indicate the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is greatest in the morning, during the initial hours of diurnal activity. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether chronotype, i.e.

The comparison of aripiprazole and risperidone augmentation in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a single-blind, randomised study.

Objective: To investigate the comparative efficacy of aripiprazole and risperidone as augmenting agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients who did not show a ≥35% decrease in the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) after 12-week monotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Methods: The study consists of two different periods of treatment: a 12-week prospective period to determine resistance to SSRI treatment and an 8-week single-blind addition period for refractory patients only. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the SSRI treatments.