Utility of Various Activation Procedures in Provoking Ictal and Interictal Patterns, during Routine Electroencephalogram (rEEG) Recording.

Background: Activation procedures (APs) are adopted during routine electroencephalography (rEEG) to provoke interictal epileptiform abnormalities (EAs). This study aimed to observe interictal and ictal (EAs) of different EEG patterns, provoked by various APs.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed in the neurology department of King Fahd hospital of university, Saudi Arabia.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of Head and Neck Region: A Series of Three Cases at an Uncommon Location With a Review of the Literature.

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) uncommonly involve the head and neck region. Head and neck SFTs (HNSFTs) exhibit diverse histological features and can mimic several neoplasms with different treatment and behavior. Herein, we report the clinicopathological features of three cases of HNSFT.

Retraction: Retroperitoneal Lipoma: An Unusual Etiology of Urge Incontinence.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19878.

Comparative Study of Complete Blood Count Between High-Altitude and Sea-Level Residents in West Saudi Arabia.

The reduction in oxygen partial pressure at high altitudes leads to diminished oxygen saturation in the arteries, stimulating erythropoietin production and erythropoiesis to restore appropriate oxygenation. While many studies have explored acclimatization to high altitude and its effects on complete blood count (CBC) parameters, our research uniquely examined both male and female healthy individuals, emphasizing the novelty of gender-specific observations. We analyzed 1,160 individuals in Taif (Al Hada), east Saudi Arabia, a high-altitude region, and compared them to 1,044 counterparts in Jeddah, at sea level.

Interplay of Mendelian and polygenic risk factors in Arab breast cancer patients.

Background: Breast cancer patients from the indigenous Arab population present much earlier than patients from Western countries and have traditionally been underrepresented in cancer genomics studies. The contribution of polygenic and Mendelian risk toward the earlier onset of breast cancer in the population remains elusive.

Methods: We performed low-pass whole genome sequencing (lpWGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) from 220 female breast cancer patients unselected for positive family history from the indigenous Arab population.

Whole-exome sequencing of a Saudi epilepsy cohort reveals association signals in known and potentially novel loci.

Background: Epilepsy, a serious chronic neurological condition effecting up to 100 million people globally, has clear genetic underpinnings including common and rare variants. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of epilepsy is high and caused mainly by perinatal and genetic factors. No whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies have been performed to date in Saudi Arabian epilepsy cohorts.

KRAS G12C-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma: First Documented Report in the Arabian Gulf.

We report the first documented case series of two lung adenocarcinoma patients demonstrating Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) G12C mutations by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction techniques from Saudi Arabia. Both patients were males aged 64 and 76 years. The first had a heavy smoking history, while the second did not report any history of smoking.

Survey of Primary Care Physicians' Screening and Treatment Practices for Prediabetes in Saudi Arabia.

Background Prediabetes is defined as a condition in which glucose levels do not fulfill the criteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), indicating that the patient is at an increased risk of developing T2DM. The risk of developing T2DM can be decreased by adequately managing prediabetes. This study aimed to assess screening and therapeutic approaches to prediabetes among primary care physicians in Saudi Arabia because there is little contemporary data available on this topic.

Retroperitoneal Lipoma: An Unusual Etiology of Urge Incontinence.

Urge incontinence is the most frequent type of urinary incontinence that can be due to bladder outlet obstruction or overactive bladder. A focused history is crucial to identify the type of urinary incontinence and the possible etiology. We report the case of a 67-year-old man with urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia.

Impact of depression and fatigue on relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To determine relationship between fatigue, depression with the registration in multiple sclerosis (MS) society activity, and stress with the risk developing a new attack in patients with Relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods: This was a cohort retrospective study conducted in the KSA between July 2018 and July 2019 which included a total of 465 RRMS patients. Data were collected during interviews using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Modified Fatigue Impacts Scale (MFIS).

Relationship Between Glycated Haemoglobin and Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease Among Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between glycaemic control and carotid atherosclerotic disease among patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study took place in the Neurology Department of King Fahad Hospital of University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia, from April to October 2017. Data were collected from the medical records of 244 patients with a diagnosis of AIS confirmed by computed tomography.

Defective gammadelta T-cell function and granzyme B gene polymorphism in a cohort of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the antitumor immune function of gammadelta T cells and to scan the granzyme B gene for the known single nucleotide polymorphism in breast cancer patients and normal controls.

Materials And Methods: Levels, cytotoxicity, and functional capacity of gammadelta T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed by flow cytometry, (51)Cr release, and ELISpot assays, respectively. Furthermore, sequence based typing was adopted to screen for granzyme B gene polymorphism.

The Wilms' tumor antigen is a novel target for human CD4+ regulatory T cells: implications for immunotherapy.

Compelling evidences indicate a key role for regulatory T cells (T(reg)) on the host response to cancer. The Wilms' tumor antigen (WT1) is overexpressed in several human leukemias and thus considered as promising target for development of leukemia vaccine. However, recent studies indicated that the generation of effective WT1-specific cytotoxic T cells can be largely affected by the presence of T(regs).