The Protective Effect of Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitor Eye Drops (Ripasudil) on Corneal Endothelial Cells After Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Comparative Study.

Introduction: Cataract surgery poses a risk to corneal endothelial cells. This study aimed to assess the protective effect of rho-associated kinase inhibitor eye drop (ripasudil) on corneal endothelial cells after cataract surgery over 12 months.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, non-randomized, non-blinded comparative study including 43 patients divided into two groups: the ripasudil group (22 patients, 23 eyes) and the control group (21 patients, 21 eyes).

A Systematic Review Evaluating the Effectiveness of Several Biological Therapies for the Treatment of Skin Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin illness that has the potential to manifest at any stage of life, it is most frequently observed in early adulthood. Biological drugs have significantly transformed the landscape of psoriasis treatment through the provision of focused therapy, which effectively mitigates inflammation and regulates the overproduction of skin cells. Notwithstanding the accessibility of these biological drugs, rigorous evaluations that juxtapose their safety and efficacy profiles are necessary.

Comparisons of choroidal blood flow velocity between initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and acute central serous chorioretinopathy.

Objectives: Acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in the acute uveitic phase are characterized by serous retinal detachment caused by dysfunction of the choroid. The aim of this study is to compare blood flow velocity and pulse waveform parameters in the choroid between these two diseases.

Methods: In this study, 25 patients (50 eyes) with VKH disease, 21 patients (27 eyes) with CSC and 15 healthy controls (30 eyes) were studied.

Morphologically aggressive appearance of a human papilloma virus (HPV)-related conjunctival papilloma that was clinically suspicious for malignancy - A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Conjunctival squamous papilloma is a benign tumor that might be linked to Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The most common appearance is a pedunculated fleshy mass. We are reporting a unique of HPV-related conjunctival papilloma that was excised with the suspicious of malignancy.

A Retrospective Analysis from A Single Center Perspective On Complications After Fixing Distal Radius Fracture In Pediatric Population.

Background: The Distal radius fractures in the pediatric age group have similar complications to any other fracture. One interpretation of the high fracture incidence in the distal third of the radius is the relative weakness of the metaphyseal part.

Objective: The aim of this study is to provide an evaluation of Surgical complications of distal radius through satisfactory reduction and proper fixation by K-wires through bone growth plates.

Willingness, beliefs, and barriers regarding the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia: a multiregional cross-sectional study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, and the vaccine remains the ultimate cornerstone to overcoming its long-term impact. Vaccine hesitancy might obstruct the effort to achieve herd immunity and eradicate the virus. We assessed Saudi Arabian individuals' willingness, beliefs, and barriers regarding the COVID-19 vaccine and their adherence to preventive measures during and after the pandemic.

Fahr's Syndrome Presenting With Hypocalcemia and Psychotic Features.

Fahr's disease is a rare genetic neurodegenerative disorder described as "bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis" (BSPDC). It is characterized by calcium deposition crossing the blood-brain barrier and calcifying different brain areas. Here, we report a case of a 26-year-old Saudi young lady, known as a case of epilepsy since childhood, a major depressive disorder with psychotic features, and hypocalcemia related to hypoparathyroidism.

An unusual case of penetrating eye injury caused by a bird: A case report with review of the pertinent literature.

Penetrating eye injuries caused by bird pecking are uncommon with less than 40 cases reported in the literature. In this article, we present a case of penetrating ocular injury caused by a bird along with pertinent literature review. An otherwise healthy 56-year old man presented to the emergency department complaining of right eye severe pain and decreased vision following trauma caused by a bittern bird.

Role of oxidative stress, inflammation, hypoxia and angiogenesis in the development of diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal disease which is one of the most severe complications occuring due to diabetes mellitus and is a major cause of blindness. Patients who have diabetes mellitus for number of years develop characteristic group of lesions in the retina which leads to Diabetic retinopathy. It is a multifactorial condition occuring due to complex cellular interactions between biochemical and metabolic abnormalities taking place in all retinal cells.

Endophthalmitis Due to after Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Devastating Outcome.

Postoperative infectious endophthalmitis is rare, yet devastating loss of vision or loss of the eye can occur due to a highly purulent microorganism or uncontrolled endophthalmitis that may spread to all coats of the eye. We report, herewith, a case of rapidly progressive postoperative endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy which ended up with enucleation. The isolated microorganism was which has not been reported as causative bacteria of postoperative infections following pars plana vitrectomy.

Prophylactic intravitreal antibiotics reduce the risk of post-traumatic endophthalmitis after repair of open globe injuries.

Purpose: To investigate efficacy of prophylactic intravitreal antibiotics in reducing incidence of endophthalmitis after repair of open globe injuries. At King Abdulaziz University Hospital, a standard protocol of intravenous vancomycin and ceftazidime was used in all cases.

Methods: Charts of 353 patients who presented between January 2010 and January 2014 with open globe injury were retrospectively reviewed.

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography changes with introduction and discontinuation of tamsulosin.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to quantify changes and reversibility in pupil dilation and iris dilator muscle region thickness associated with introduction and subsequent discontinuation of tamsulosin in patients naïve to this drug with the aid of an anterior OCT system.

Methods: The study was carried out on 7 patients (14 eyes) naïve to tamsulosin and with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BHP). Measurements taken by Vistante OCT were done pre- and post-dilation of the following: pupil size, iris dilator muscle region (DMR) thickness, sphincter muscle region (SMR) thickness, and anterior chamber depth.

Lack of association between polymorphism rs540782 and primary open angle glaucoma in Saudi patients.

Background: To investigate whether polymorphism rs540782 on chromsome 1, in close proximity to the Zona Pellucida Glycoprotein 4 (ZP4) gene, is a risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Method: The study genotyped 92 unrelated POAG cases and 95 control subjects from Saudi Arabia using Taq-Man® assay.

Results: The genotype frequency distribution did not deviate significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.

The adjunctive use of pre-operative intravitreal bevacizumab in the setting of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of pre-operative intravitreal bevacizumab injection on the rate of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage in patients undergoing vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: Consecutive retrospective comparative cohort study. Forty eyes of 37 patients who received pre-operative intravitreal bevacizumab 1.

The outcomes and prognostic factors of vitrectomy in chronic diabetic traction macular detachment.

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for chronic diabetic traction macular detachment (CTMD).

Methods: Ninety-six eyes that underwent PPV for CTMD of at least 6 months duration were retrospectively analyzed. Retinal reattachment rate, final vision, and prognostic factors for poor visual outcome were the main outcome measures.

ENDOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS CAUSED BY BRUCELLA MELITENSIS.

Purpose: Brucella is an intracellular gram-negative pathogen that acts as a facultative parasite. B. Melitensis endogenous endophthalmitis is quite rare.

Full-Thickness Macular Hole Secondary to High-Power Handheld Blue Laser: Natural History and Management Outcomes.

Purpose: To report the natural history and management outcomes of full-thickness macular hole (MH) caused by momentary exposure to a high-power handheld blue laser device and highlight the dangers of such easily available devices.

Design: Retrospective consecutive case series.

Methods: A chart review of all patients presenting with full-thickness MH from exposure to blue-light high-powered lasers from January 2012 to May 2014 at 2 institutions was performed.

Intraocular pressure trends after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To study intraocular pressure (IOP) trends and risk factors of IOP elevation after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections in diabetic macular edema.

Methods: A retrospective review of 760 eyes treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for diabetic macular edema was performed. The rate and risk factors of IOP elevation were assessed.

The angiogenic biomarker endocan is upregulated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor.

Purpose/aim: Endocan is a proteoglycan specifically secreted by endothelial cells, is a marker of angiogenesis and endothelial cell activation in response to proangiogenic signals. The aim of this study was to measure the levels of endocan in the vitreous fluid from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to correlate its levels with clinical disease activity and the levels of the angiogenic biomarkers vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble vascular endothelial-cadherin (sVE-cadherin) and soluble endoglin (sEng). In addition, we investigated the expression of endocan and correlated it with the level of vascularization in PDR epiretinal membranes.

IFT27, encoding a small GTPase component of IFT particles, is mutated in a consanguineous family with Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy with multisystem involvement. So far, 18 BBS genes have been identified and the majority of them are essential for the function of BBSome, a protein complex involved in transporting membrane proteins into and from cilia. Yet defects in the identified genes cannot account for all the BBS cases.

High-mobility group box-1 induces decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated neuroprotection in the diabetic retina.

To test the hypothesis that brain-derived neurotrophic factor-(BDNF-) mediated neuroprotection is reduced by high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in diabetic retina, paired vitreous and serum samples from 46 proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 34 nondiabetic patients were assayed for BDNF, HMGB1, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and TBARS. We also examined retinas of diabetic and HMGB1 intravitreally injected rats. The effect of the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin on diabetes-induced changes in retinal BDNF expressions was studied.

Autozygome-guided exome sequencing in retinal dystrophy patients reveals pathogenetic mutations and novel candidate disease genes.

Retinal dystrophy (RD) is a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases caused by loss of photoreceptor function and contributes significantly to the etiology of blindness globally but especially in the industrialized world. The extreme locus and allelic heterogeneity of these disorders poses a major diagnostic challenge and often impedes the ability to provide a molecular diagnosis that can inform counseling and gene-specific treatment strategies. In a large cohort of nearly 150 RD families, we used genomic approaches in the form of autozygome-guided mutation analysis and exome sequencing to identify the likely causative genetic lesion in the majority of cases.