Differential Expression of Branched-Chain Aminotransferase in the Rat Ocular Tissues.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) play vital roles in metabolic and physiological processes, with their catabolism initiated by two branched-chain aminotransferase isozymes: cytosolic (BCATc) and mitochondrial (BCATm). These enzymes have tissue and cell-specific compartmentalization and are believed to shuttle metabolites between cells and tissues. Although their expression and localization have been established in most tissues, ocular tissues remain unknown.

The impact of different imaging modalities in diagnosis and management of patient with dural arteriovenous fistula: A rare case report.

In vascular neurosurgery, dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are a difficult, challenging condition whose natural history and therapy are still debated. This case report presented a 30-year-old male patient who experienced intermittent headaches for two months, along with gradual weakness in all four limbs, resulting in quadriplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) played a significant role in the diagnosis of the patient, in which the final diagnosis was vascular myelopathy due to Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF).

Synthesis of a Novel Gold(I) Complex and Evaluation of Its Anticancer Properties in Breast Cancer Cells.

Background: Platinum complexes are commonly used for cancer chemotherapy; however, they are not only highly-priced but also have various side effects. It is, therefore, important to design affordable anticancer drugs with minimal side effects.

Methods: We synthesized a new gold(I) complex, PF6{(BDPEA)(TPPMS) digold(I)} (abbreviated as PBTDG) and tested its cytotoxicity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Hexametaphosphate, a Common Food Additive, Aggregated the Hen Egg White Lysozyme.

Polyphosphate polymers are chains of phosphate monomers chemically bonded together via phosphoanhydride bonds. They are found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and are among the earliest, most anionic, and most mysterious molecules known. They are everywhere, from small cellular components to additives in our food.

SDBS induces multiple catalase conformations in a dose-dependent manner.

Amyloid fibrils have been linked to several incurable diseases. They are long and thin fibrous proteins that self-assemble into fibrils. Small molecules can stimulate amyloid fibrillation, but the mechanism by which this happens is not well understood.

Bovine liver catalase turns into three conformational states after exposure to an anionic surfactant.

The mechanism by which anionic surfactants promote amyloid fibril is not well understood. Here, we investigated how sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a negatively charged surfactant, affects the fibrillation of the partially unfolded random-coiled bovine liver catalase (BLC) at a pH of 2.0.

LC/MS-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in L. Extract: In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity, In Silico Molecular Docking, and In Vivo Investigation against STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice.

This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antidiabetic properties of cultivated L. The ethanol extract was analyzed using LC-MS/MS, and 18 distinct phenolic compounds were identified. Among these, p-coumaric acid (6656.

Agitation does not induce fibrillation in reduced hen egg-white lysozyme at physiological temperature and pH.

Several proteins and peptides tend to form an amyloid fibril, causing a range of unrelated diseases, from neurodegenerative to certain types of cancer. In the native state, these proteins are folded and soluble. However, these proteins acquired β-sheet amyloid fibril due to unfolding and aggregation.

SDS induces amorphous, amyloid-fibril, and alpha-helical structures in the myoglobin in a concentration-dependent manner.

Amyloid fibrils have been linked to a number of diseases. Surfactants imitate plasma membrane lipids and induce amyloid fibrils. This study examined the effects of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at pH 4.

D-Ribose-Induced Glycation and Its Attenuation by the Aqueous Extract of Seeds.

Glycation and oxidative stress are the major contributing factors responsible for diabetes and its secondary complications. Aminoguanidine, a hydrazine derivative, is the only approved drug that reduces glycation with its known side effects. As a result, research into medicinal plants with antioxidant and antiglycation properties is beneficial in treating diabetes and its consequences.

Implications of Diabetes-Induced Altered Metabolites on Retinal Neurodegeneration.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetic eye diseases, causing vision loss and blindness worldwide. The concept of diabetic retinopathy has evolved from microvascular disease into more complex neurovascular disorders. Early in the disease progression of diabetes, the neuronal and glial cells are compromised before any microvascular abnormalities clinically detected by the ophthalmoscopic examination.

Modulation of the Structure and Stability of Novel Camel Lens Alpha-Crystallin by pH and Thermal Stress.

Alpha-crystallin protein performs structural and chaperone functions in the lens and comprises alphaA and alphaB subunits at a molar ratio of 3:1. The highly complex alpha-crystallin structure challenges structural biologists because of its large dynamic quaternary structure (300−1000 kDa). Camel lens alpha-crystallin is a poorly characterized molecular chaperone, and the alphaB subunit possesses a novel extension at the N-terminal domain.

Phytochemical Profiling of Microalgae and Its Anticancer Activity in Dalton's Lymphoma Cells.

Introduction: Natural phytochemicals are considered safe to use as therapeutic agents. There is a growing trend toward exploring anticancer effects of crude algal extracts or their active ingredients. , a microalga, contains excellent antioxidant potential.

Expression, purification, and biophysical characterization of recombinant MERS-CoV main (M) protease.

MERS-CoV main protease (M) is essential for the maturation of the coronavirus; therefore, considered a potential drug target. Detailed conformational information is essential to developing antiviral therapeutics. However, the conformation of MERS-CoV M under different conditions is poorly characterized.

Sunset Yellow Dye Induces Amorphous Aggregation in β-Lactoglobulin at Acidic pH: A Multi-Techniques Approach.

Protein aggregation is of two types: (i) amorphous and (ii) amyloid fibril. Several extrinsic factors (temperature, pH, and small ligands) stimulate protein aggregation in vitro. In this study, we have examined the role of sunset yellow (SY) on the β-lactoglobulin (BLG) aggregation at pH 2.

Photo-activated proflavine degrades protein and impairs enzyme activity: Involvement of hydroxyl radicals.

Proflavine is a well-known antiseptic and bacteriostatic drug, however, it has the potential to be hazardous and mutagenic. Proflavine enters cells and intercalates between DNA base pairs, resulting in mutation and replication inhibition. Previously several investigators demonstrated that photo-activated proflavine generated double-stranded DNA breakage and protein structural alterations.

Phytochemicals reverse P-glycoprotein mediated multidrug resistance via signal transduction pathways.

P-glycoprotein, encoded by ATP-binding cassette transporters B1 gene (ABCB1), renders multidrug resistance (MDR) during cancer chemotherapy. Several synthetic small molecule inhibitors affect P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transport function in MDR tumor cells. However, inhibition of P-gp transport function adversely accumulates chemotherapeutic drugs in non-target normal tissues.

Galangin Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Inflammation and Fibrosis in the Cardiac Tissue of Albino Wistar Rats.

Galangin (GA) is an active flavonoid of the rhizome of that belongs to the ginger family. GA exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, we evaluated the preventive effects of GA against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced inflammation and myocardial fibrosis in male albino Wistar rats.

Opuntiol Prevents Photoaging of Mouse Skin Blocking Inflammatory Responses and Collagen Degradation.

In the present study, we investigated the potential of opuntiol, isolated from , against UVA radiation-mediated inflammation and skin photoaging in experimental animals. The skin-shaved experimental mouse was subjected to UVA exposure at the dosage of 10 J/cm per day for ten consecutive days (cumulative UVA dose: 100 J/cm). Opuntiol (50 mg/kg b.

Time-Course Evaluation of Iminodipropionitrile-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicities in Rats: A Biochemical, Molecular and Histopathological Study.

Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) is known to produce axonopathy and vestibular hair cell degeneration. Recent histopathological studies have shown IDPN-induced liver and kidney toxicities in rodents; however, the associated mechanisms are not clearly understood. We investigated the role of proinflammatory cytokines in IDPN-induced liver and kidney toxicities in rats.

Gabapentin Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Diabetic Rat Retina.

Neurodegeneration in diabetic retina has been widely considered as initiating factor that may lead to vascular damage, the classical hallmark of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes induced altered glutamate metabolism in the retina, especially through glutamate excitotoxicity might play a major role in the neurodegeneration. Increased level of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) measured in diabetic retina might cause an increase in the neurotoxic level of glutamate by transamination of citric acid cycle intermediates.

Correction to: GLP-I secretion in healthy and diabetic Wistar rats in response to aqueous extract of Momordica charantia.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that there was an error in the acknowledgements.

Correction to: GLP-I Secretion in Healthy and Diabetic Wistar Rats in Response to Aqueous Extract of Momordica charantia.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that there was an error in the acknowledgements. In this Correction, the incorrect and correct acknowledgements are shown.

Synergistic Effect of Quercetin and -Lipoic Acid on Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats.

Objectives: The present study was carried out to study the protective effects of quercetin and -lipoic acid alone and in combination against aluminum chloride induced neurotoxicity in rats.

Materials And Methods: The study consisted of eight groups, namely, Group 1: control rats, Group 2: rats receiving aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal route (i.p) for two weeks, Group 3: rats receiving quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight i.

GLP-I secretion in healthy and diabetic Wistar rats in response to aqueous extract of Momordica charantia.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major global health disorders increasing at an alarming rate in both developed and developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia (AEMC) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), tissue glycogen, glycosylated haemoglobin, plasma concentrations of insulin and GLP-1 hormone (glucagon-like peptide 1) in healthy and diabetic wistar rats.

Methods: Male Wistar rats (both normal and diabetic) were treated with AEMC by gavaging (300 mg/kg body wt/day for 28 days).