Roles of Different Signaling Pathways in Virulence.

is a widespread fungal pathogen that can infect the human central nervous system (CNS) and cause fungal meningitis, leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Previous studies have demonstrated that many signal transduction pathways are crucial for the morphological development and virulence of . In this review, data from over 116 research articles have been compiled to show that many signaling pathways control various characteristics of , individually or in association with other pathways, and to establish strong links among them to better understand pathogenesis.

Gallstones in a Looking-Glass: A Case Report on the Successful Laparoscopic Management of Cholelithiasis in Situs Inversus Totalis.

Situs inversus is an uncommon congenital condition where the internal organs are arranged in a mirrored or reversed orientation within the body. In this unique anatomical variation, the placement of visceral organs is flipped, presenting a mirror-image configuration relative to their standard positions. While situs inversus itself does not predispose an individual to gallbladder disorders, the anatomical variation poses unique challenges for healthcare professionals in managing abdominal pathologies.

Mechanisms and Virulence Factors of Dissemination to the Central Nervous System.

Cryptococcosis is a prevalent fungal infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by , a yeast with a polysaccharide capsule in the basidiomycete group. Normally, infects the respiratory tract and then breaches the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to meningitis or meningoencephalitis, which leads to hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. Although the mechanism by which infiltrates the BBB to invade the brain has yet to be fully understood, research has revealed that can cross the BBB using transcellular penetration, paracellular traversal, and infected phagocytes (the "Trojan horse" mechanism).

Umbrella review of international evidence for the effectiveness of school-based physical activity interventions.

Background: Obesity and physical inactivity among children and young people are public health concerns. Despite the wide variety of interventions available to promote physical activity, little is known about which interventions are most effective. This review aimed to evaluate the existing literature on school-based interventions that aim to increase physical activity among children and young people aged 6 to 18 years.

Hypermagnesemia in Clinical Practice.

Hypermagnesemia is a relatively uncommon but potentially life-threatening electrolyte disturbance characterized by elevated magnesium concentrations in the blood. Magnesium is a crucial mineral involved in various physiological functions, such as neuromuscular conduction, cardiac excitability, vasomotor tone, insulin metabolism, and muscular contraction. Hypomagnesemia is a prevalent electrolyte disturbance that can lead to several neuromuscular, cardiac, or nervous system disorders.

School-based physical activity interventions among children and adolescents in the Middle East and Arabic speaking countries: A systematic review.

Background: It is widely recognised that noncommunicable diseases are on the rise worldwide, partly due to insufficient levels of physical activity (PA). It is a particularly concerning health issue among children and adolescents in Arabic countries where cultural and environmental factors may limit their opportunity for engaging in physical activities.

Aim: This review sought to assess the effectiveness of school-based PA interventions for increasing PA among schoolchildren aged six to 18 years in Middle Eastern and Arabic-speaking countries.

Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor of the Thyroid Gland: A Case Report and Literature Review.

A hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) of the thyroid gland is a very rare type of tumor. It is usually diagnosed incidentally during the examination for thyroid gland diseases that need thyroidectomy. Here we report a case of HTT in a 60-year-old male patient who presented with anterior neck swelling and underwent total thyroidectomy for a Bethesda category V nodule.

Incidence, patterns, risk factors and clinical outcomes of intravenous acyclovir induced nephrotoxicity.

Objectives: Acyclovir is approved to treat herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, type 2 and varicella-zoster virus. It is mainly eliminated via the kidneys, for which drug crystals accumulation might lead to nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, preventive measures, and clinical outcomes of acyclovir induced-nephrotoxicity.

Exercise-Induced Rhabdomyolysis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

A 19-year-old man presented to the ED with bilateral leg pain and dark discoloration of the urine after he started an intense aerobic exercise. Blood workup showed significantly elevated creatine kinase (CK), acute kidney injury (AKI), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The patient had a double-incision, bilateral fasciotomy with debridement to relieve the bilateral, lower-limb, compartment syndrome following admission.

The Effect Of Social Media On The Choice Of Dental Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study In The City Of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background And Purpose: In the past few years, social networking sites have received great attention in the health field by health practitioners and researchers, as well as health centers. The aim of this research is to investigate the important factors of patients (male or female) when choosing a dental practice, and the effectiveness of a social media presence for a dental practice to engage with and obtain new patients, as well as the return on investment of social media marketing.

Patients And Methods: 400 random sample patients in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia participated.

Acute Anteroseptal Myocardial Infarction after a Negative Exercise Stress Test.

A myocardial infarction is a rare complication which can occur after an exercise stress test. We report a 48-year-old male who was referred to the Mildura Cardiology Practice, Victoria, Australia, in August 2014 with left-sided chest pain. He underwent an exercise stress test which was negative for myocardial ischaemia.