Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Gummv Smile.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin (Botox) injections as a conservative treatment for gummy smile.

Materials And Methods: An experimental in vivo study was conducted at a dermatology clinic in Riyadh in January 2016. The study included 23 female patients who ranged from 20 to 50 years and were treated with Botox injections due to excessive maxillary gingival display.

Failure of botulinum toxin treatment for localized vitiligo.

Background: It was found that acetylcholine concentration increased with a significantly reduced expression of acetylcholinesterase in vitiliginous patches that return to normal upon repigmentation.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A in patients with localized vitiligo.

Methods: Ten patients were recruited.

Pigmentary demarcation lines on the face in Saudi women.

Background: Pigmentary demarcation lines (PDL) are physiological abrupt transition lines between hyperpigmented skin and lighter areas. Recent evidence suggests that they involve the face.

Aims: To survey facial PDL in Saudi females referred to general dermatology clinics for various complaints and determine any associated risks.