Characterization and risk factors for unexplained female infertility in Sudan: A case-control study.

Background: Female infertility with unknown causes (unexplained) remains one of the mysteries in the reproductive health field, where the diagnostic evidence is still weak and the proposed treatments still work with unknown methods. However, several studies have proposed some possible causes and risk factors for unexplained female infertility.

Aim: To characterize and identify factors associated with unexplained infertility in Sudanese women.

Serum leptin level in Sudanese women with unexplained infertility and its relationship with some reproductive hormones.

Background: The excessive concentration of leptin has negative effects on all aspects of female reproduction. Despite this established relationship, the exact role of leptin in women's fertility is not clear enough and needs more clarification.

Aim: To evaluate the serum leptin levels in Sudanese women and to ascertain the relationship between serum leptin levels and unexplained infertility (UI).

Prevalence of human leishmaniasis in Sudan: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There are three main forms of leishmaniasis in humans: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The prevalence of human leishmaniasis varies widely in different countries and different regions of the same country. To date, there is no overall estimation of the prevalence of human leishmaniasis in Sudan.