Novel acetamide derivatives of 2-aminobenzimidazole prevent inflammatory arthritis in rats via suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators.

Benzimidazole ring system is an important pharmacophore with diverse pharmacological activities. In this study, we explored the anti-arthritic effects of newly synthesized acetamide derivatives of 2-aminobenzimidazole (N1 and N2) in rats. FTIR and NMR spectroscopies were used to characterize these compounds.

Associations of transcription factor 7-Like 2 () gene polymorphism in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population of Pakistan.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent component of metabolic syndrome. Environmental factors and various complex genes like transcription factor 7-like 2 () gene have involved in the disease development.

Objective: To determine genetic association (rs7903146C/T and rs12255372G/T) in T2DM patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population of Pakistan.

Genetic association of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1, rs1801278) gene with insulin resistant of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Pakistani population.

Insulin resistance (IR), a pathological condition of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by an inability of body's tissue to respond the secreted or administered insulin, a necessary step for cellular glucose transportation. The prevalence of insulin resistance progresses with age, especially in overweight people with central obesity. Insulin receptor substrates (IRS) are important molecular proteins in the insulin signalling pathway, where IRS-1 plays a key function in cells insulin sensitivity.

Association of genetic polymorphism of PC-1 gene (rs1044498 Lys121Gln) with insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus in Punjabi Population of Pakistan.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR), known to reduce the response to insulin action, develops with obesity leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The PC-1 gene has been associated with dyslipidemia, polycystic ovarian disease and T2DM in different regions of the world. The objective of the present study was to investigate the genetic association of PC-1 rs1044498 polymorphism with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes in the Punjabi population of Pakistan.