epidemiology in Oman: whole-genome sequencing uncovers transmission pathways.

Tuberculosis (TB) originating from expatriates that hail from high TB-burden countries is hypothesized to play a role in continued TB transmission in Oman. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to assess national TB transmission dynamics. The annual incidence per 100,000 population per year was calculated for nationals and expatriates.

Dynamics of Lineages in Oman, 2009 to 2018.

Study aim. Effective Tuberculosis (TB) control measures in Oman have reduced the annual incidence of tuberculosis cases by 92% between 1981 and 2016. However, the current incidence remains above the program control target of <1 TB case per 100,000 population.

HIV and Pregnancy: A Retrospective Descriptive Cross-sectional Study of Prevalence, Maternal, Obstetrical, and Neonatal Outcome at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman.

Objectives: We sought to investigate the prevalence of HIV in pregnant women and the maternal, obstetrical, and neonatal outcomes over 13 years (2005-2017) at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Muscat, Oman.

Methods: Our study design was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study of HIV-positive women in the department of obstetrics and gynecology. We had an unlimited sample size due to the rarity of the disease.

Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 from the Otorhinolaryngologist's Perspective: First Report from Oman, Middle East.

To study the otorhinolaryngological clinical characteristics of COVID-19 positive patients. A prospective cross sectional study on sixty five patients who were SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive, and completed 14 days of isolation period were surveyed with a questionnaire. The responses were evaluated and assessed.

Pattern of Viral Infections among Infants and Children Admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of viral infections in infants and children admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) in Muscat, Oman.

Methods: A retrospective review of patient records was carried out on all patients admitted to the PICU between January 2011 and December 2012. In order to detect viruses, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was used to detect viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates, tracheal aspirates, plasma, stool and urine samples.

Complicated subacute bacterial endocarditis in a patient with ventricular septal defect.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon but life-threatening infection. Despite advances in management, it still causes high morbidity and mortality. We report the case of an 8-year-old girl who presented with a prolonged fever of 2.

Spectrum of AIDS Defining Opportunistic Infections in a Series of 77 Hospitalised HIV-infected Omani Patients.

Objectives: Most of the morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) result from opportunistic infections (OIs). Although the spectrum of OIs in HIV infected patients from developing countries has been reported, there is a paucity of data on the natural history, pattern of disease, and survival of hospitalised patients with HIV/AIDS, particularly in Arab countries. The aim of this study was to study retrospectively the spectrum and frequency of various OIs in a cohort of hospitalised HIV-infected Omani patients.

The importance of HIV antenatal screening programs for pregnant women.

Objective: To investigate retrospectively the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and 2 among pregnant women during a 10-year period.

Methods: The total number of pregnant women attending the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), Muscat, Oman between January 1995 and December 2005 was 11553 women. Their age range was 16-45 years (average of 28.