is a widespread fungal pathogen that can infect the human central nervous system (CNS) and cause fungal meningitis, leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Previous studies have demonstrated that many signal transduction pathways are crucial for the morphological development and virulence of . In this review, data from over 116 research articles have been compiled to show that many signaling pathways control various characteristics of , individually or in association with other pathways, and to establish strong links among them to better understand pathogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSitus inversus is an uncommon congenital condition where the internal organs are arranged in a mirrored or reversed orientation within the body. In this unique anatomical variation, the placement of visceral organs is flipped, presenting a mirror-image configuration relative to their standard positions. While situs inversus itself does not predispose an individual to gallbladder disorders, the anatomical variation poses unique challenges for healthcare professionals in managing abdominal pathologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCryptococcosis is a prevalent fungal infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by , a yeast with a polysaccharide capsule in the basidiomycete group. Normally, infects the respiratory tract and then breaches the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to meningitis or meningoencephalitis, which leads to hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. Although the mechanism by which infiltrates the BBB to invade the brain has yet to be fully understood, research has revealed that can cross the BBB using transcellular penetration, paracellular traversal, and infected phagocytes (the "Trojan horse" mechanism).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) of the thyroid gland is a very rare type of tumor. It is usually diagnosed incidentally during the examination for thyroid gland diseases that need thyroidectomy. Here we report a case of HTT in a 60-year-old male patient who presented with anterior neck swelling and underwent total thyroidectomy for a Bethesda category V nodule.
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