MmpL3 Inhibition as a Promising Approach to Develop Novel Therapies against Tuberculosis: A Spotlight on SQ109, Clinical Studies, and Patents Literature.

Tuberculosis (TB) is accountable for considerable global morbidity and mortality. Effective TB therapy with multiple drugs completes in about six months. The longer duration of TB therapy challenges patient compliance and contributes to treatment collapse and drug resistance (DR) progress.

Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents.

For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry. The thiazole ring consists of sulfur and nitrogen in such a fashion that the pi (π) electrons are free to move from one bond to other bonds rendering aromatic ring properties. On account of its aromaticity, the ring has many reactive positions where donor-acceptor, nucleophilic, oxidation reactions, etc.

The Impact of Strict Public Health Measures on COVID-19 Transmission in Developing Countries: The Case of Kuwait.

Many countries have succeeded in curbing the initial outbreak of COVID-19 by imposing strict public health control measures. However, little is known about the effectiveness of such control measures in curbing the outbreak in developing countries. In this study, we seek to assess the impact of various outbreak control measures in Kuwait to gain more insight into the outbreak progression and the associated healthcare burden.

The effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in different socioeconomic populations in Kuwait: a modeling study.

Background: Aggressive non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) may reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The extent to which these interventions are successful in stopping the spread have not been characterized in countries with distinct socioeconomic groups. We compared the effects of a partial lockdown on disease transmission among Kuwaitis (P) and non-Kuwaitis (P) living in Kuwait.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus in Kuwait.

Background: COVID-19 has a highly variable clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to severe respiratory symptoms and death. Diabetes seems to be one of the main comorbidities contributing to a worse COVID-19 outcome.

Objective: In here we analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetic COVID-19 patients Kuwait.

The importance of capillary distribution in supporting muscle function, building on Krogh's seminal ideas.

Krogh's Nobel prize for insightful studies into the physiology of capillaries heralded a revolution in understanding that continues today. The view of passive conduits has been replaced by capillaries recognised as a key element in haemodynamic control, offering both a site where changes in tissue demand are sensed and a driver of integrated vascular responses. In addition, the capillary bed is known to play an important role in metabolic, hormonal and immune homeostasis.

Distinct structural and functional angiogenic responses are induced by different mechanical stimuli.

Objective: Adequacy of the microcirculation is essential for maintaining repetitive skeletal muscle function while avoiding fatigue. It is unclear, however, whether capillary remodelling after different angiogenic stimuli is comparable in terms of vessel distribution and consequent functional adaptations. We determined the physiological consequences of two distinct mechanotransductive stimuli: (1) overload-mediated abluminal stretch (OV); (2) vasodilator-induced shear stress (prazosin, PR).

Outcomes of COVID-19: Disparities by ethnicity.

Objectives: To investigate the role of ethnicity in COVID-19 outcome disparities in a cohort in Kuwait.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 405 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Kuwait. Outcomes such as symptoms severity and mortality were considered.

Fasting Blood Glucose and COVID-19 Severity: Nonlinearity Matters.

Objective: Fasting blood glucose (FBG) could be an independent predictor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) morbidity and mortality. However, when included as a predictor in a model, it is conventionally modeled linearly, dichotomously, or categorically. We comprehensively examined different ways of modeling FBG to assess the risk of being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Perceptions Of Medical Students Regarding Excellence In Student Engagement: A Multi-Center Saudi Arabian Perspective.

Background: Students and faculty members should work together as partners in the present era of modern medical education. Many medical schools across the globe are seeking excellence in medical education, including excellence in student engagement.

Objective: The current study aimed to explore Saudi medical students' perceptions regarding the Association for Medical Education in Europe's (AMEE) ASPIRE criteria for excellence in student engagement.

Integrated method for quantitative morphometry and oxygen transport modeling in striated muscle.

Identifying structural limitations in O transport is primarily restricted by current methods employed to characterize the nature of physiological remodeling. Inadequate resolution or breadth of available data has impaired development of routine diagnostic protocols and effective therapeutic strategies. Understanding O transport within striated muscle faces major challenges, most notably in quantifying how well individual fibers are supplied by the microcirculation, which has necessitated exploring tissue O supply using theoretical modeling of diffusive exchange.

Changes to both cardiac metabolism and performance accompany acute reductions in functional capillary supply.

Background: The relative importance of arteriole supply or ability to switch between substrates to preserve cardiac performance is currently unclear, but may be critically important in conditions such as diabetes.

Methods: Metabolism of substrates was measured before and after infusion of polystyrene microspheres in the perfused working heart to mimic random capillary loss due to microvascular disease. The effect of acute loss of functional capillary supply on palmitate and glucose metabolism together with function was quantified, and theoretical tissue oxygen distribution calculated from histological samples and ventricular VO(2) estimated.

Modelling capillary oxygen supply capacity in mixed muscles: capillary domains revisited.

Developing effective therapeutic interventions for pathological conditions associated with abnormal oxygen transport to muscle fibres critically depends on the objective characterisation of capillarity. Local indices of capillary supply have the potential to identify the onset of fine-scale tissue pathologies and dysregulation. Detailed tissue geometry, such as muscle fibre size, has been incorporated into such measures by considering the distribution of Voronoi polygons (VP) generated from planar capillary locations as a representation of capillary supply regions.