The adverse effects of mining pollutants on oral mucosa in Bellary district: A clinical and genotoxicity study.

Background: The Bellary district in Karnataka, rich in mineral resources, is a major mining industry, but prolonged exposure to mining can lead to health hazards. The study aims to assess the genotoxic impact of mining pollutants on mine workers using the micro-nucleus (MN) assay.

Setting And Design: Cross-sectional study.

Identifying Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets by Multiomic Analysis for HNSCC: Precision Medicine and Healthcare Management.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the major types of cancer, with 900,000 cases and over 400,000 deaths annually. It constitutes 3-4% of all cancers in Europe and western countries. As early diagnosis is the key to treating the disease, reliable biomarkers play an important role in the precision medicine of HNSCC.

Revisiting Vickers and Gorlin criteria in histopathological subtypes of ameloblastoma.

Background: Ameloblastoma is a benign tumour of odontogenic epithelial origin arising from enamel organ tissue that has not undergone differentiation to the point of hard tissue formation.

Aims: This study was conducted with an aim to provide a baseline data to analyse whether various histopathological variants of ameloblastoma satisfies all the characteristic histopathological features of Vickers and Gorlin criteria.

Settings And Design: A retrospective study of 25 cases of intraosseous ameloblastoma was carried out in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology in accordance with the Institutional Ethics Committee.

Age estimation using extracted teeth in coastal Karnataka population.

Introduction: Age estimation using regressive alterations such as root dentin translucency, PDL attachment, and attrition are easy and reliable way of predicting the age. However, extensive and population-specific formula has not been generated. This attempt was to assess the correlation of these alterations with age and to generate a Linear regressive formula, specific to this population.

Serum autoantibody profiling of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients reveals NUBP2 as a potential diagnostic marker.

Introduction: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), a common malignancy of the head and neck region, is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages, necessitating the development of efficient diagnostic methods. Profiling autoantibodies generated against tumor-associated antigens have lately demonstrated a promising role in diagnosis, predicting disease course, and response to therapeutics and relapse.

Methods: In the current study, we, for the first time, aimed to identify and evaluate the diagnostic value of autoantibodies in serum samples of patients with OSCC using autoantibody profiling by an immunome protein array.

Unveiling the arcanum of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival tissue blocks: A valuable resource for genomic DNA extraction.

Background: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks are routinely preserved after pathological diagnosis and possess tremendous potential for biomarker discovery. These archival samples are prone to degradation on prolonged storage due to the formalin cross-linking.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate whether the storage period of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor blocks had a significant impact on the yield and purity of the isolated DNA archived for 11 years.

Predatory science: Unraveling a secret journey of fake journals and conferences.

The fraudulent behaviour of predatory journals/conferences through E-mail solicitations and author's perspective in unknowingly becoming victims of predatory publishing scheme, by being unaware of the fact that the journals in which they are involved are possibly predatory are highlighted here.

Molecular alterations in oral cancer between tobacco chewers and smokers using serum proteomics.

Background: Tobacco exposure (through smoking or chewing) is one of the predominant risk factors associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite the growing number of patients diagnosed with OSCC, there are few circulating biomarkers for identifying individuals at a higher risk of developing the disease. Successful identification of candidate molecular markers for risk assessment could aid in the early detection of oral lesions and potentially be used for community screening of high-risk populations.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in a South Indian cohort with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate.

Objective: Clefts of the lip, with or without cleft palate and cleft palate only, collectively called as orofacial clefts (OFCs) are one of the most common congenital malformations with varying degrees of penetrance and phenotype expressions. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) cytosine-to-thymine (c. 677 C>T), adenine-to-cytosine (c.

Molecular alterations in oral cancer using high-throughput proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue.

Loss of cell differentiation is a hallmark for the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Archival Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissues constitute a valuable resource for studying the differentiation of OSCC and can offer valuable insights into the process of tumor progression. In the current study, we performed LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics of FFPE specimens from pathologically-confirmed well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, and poorly-differentiated OSCC cases.

Demineralization of tooth enamel following radiation therapy; An microstructure and microhardness analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of radiotherapy doses on mineral density and percentage mineral volume of human permanent tooth enamel.

Materials And Methods: Synchrotron radiation Xray microcomputed tomography (SRμCT) and microhardness testing were carried out on 8 and 20 tooth samples, respectively. Enamel mineral density was derived from SRμCT technique using ImageJ software.

Spectroscopic analyses reveal radiotherapy-induced variations in elemental composition and crystallite properties of human permanent teeth enamel.

Objective: To study the effect of radiation therapy on the structural and elemental composition of permanent teeth enamel in vitro.

Methods: Sections from 21 noncarious healthy human teeth were exposed to a cumulative radiation dose of 20-80 Gy. The sections were subjected to electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to study the elemental composition, the ratio of inorganic and organic content, and the mineralization and crystalline properties of the hydroxyapatite crystal structure respectively.

Omics data-driven analysis identifies laminin-integrin-mediated signaling pathway as a determinant for cell differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: In recent years, high-throughput omics technologies have been widely used globally to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various cancers. However, apart from large consortiums such as The Cancer Genome Atlas, limited attempts have been made to mine existing datasets pertaining to cancers.

Methods And Results: In the current study, we used an omics data analysis approach wherein publicly available protein expression data were integrated to identify functionally important proteins that revealed consistent dysregulated expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Role of cell block technique as a novel diagnostic approach in odontogenic cysts and ameloblastomas of the jaw region.

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) involves puncturing a lesion for microscopic analysis. Smears are prepared using aspirated material for cytology and for cell block (CB) preparation. FNAC is a preoperative technique and does not provide sufficient information for precise diagnosis, and the risk of false diagnosis or intermittent diagnosis always exists.

Clinicopathological analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma among the younger age group in coastal Karnataka, India: A retrospective study.

Aims: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) primarily occurs in older age group. However, in the recent years, incidence of oral cancer in young people has been on rise worldwide. Towards this end, we sought to analyze the clinical and histopathological characteristics of OSCC in patients less than 45 years of age.

Qualitative analysis of connective tissue stroma in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A histochemical study.

Background: Detection of oral cancer at an early stage is of utmost importance to decrease morbidity and mortality. Tumor stroma plays a critical role during carcinogenesis. There is lack of information regarding the characteristics of the stroma in relation to the invading malignant epithelial cells and the interdependence between stroma and tumor cells in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Evaluation of homocysteine levels in individuals having nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate.

Context: Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL ± P) is a genetic predisposition involving defects in shape and makeup of the lip and palate. Elevation of homocysteine (Hcy) levels is seen in medical complications such as developmental anomalies causing neural tube defects, congenital vascular diseases, neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. Evaluation of serum Hcy levels forms an important feature to look further into molecular aspects.