Bis(acetato-κO,O')diphen-yl(pyridine-κN)tin(IV).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Sn(C(6)H(5))(2)(C(2)H(3)O(2))(2)(C(5)H(5)N)], contains two crystallography independent mol-ecules. In both mol-ecules, the Sn(IV) atom is seven-coordinated in a distorted penta-gonal-bipyramidal geometry with the two phenyl groups in axial positions. The two mol-ecules differ mainly in the torsion of the phenyl and pyridine rings.

N'-[1-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]-3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzohydrazide dimethyl sulfoxide solvate trihydrate.

The benzohydrazide mol-ecule in the title compound, C(15)H(13)BrN(2)O(5)·C(2)H(6)OS·3H(2)O, is almost planar with an r.m.s.

Bis(pyridine-κN){N,N-[1,1'-(pyridine-2,6-di-yl)diethyl-idyne]benzene-sulfono-hydrazonato-κO,N,N',N'',O'}nickel(II).

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Ni(C(21)H(19)N(5)O(4)S(2))(C(5)H(5)N)(2)], the metal center is seven-coordinate, with an approximate penta-gonal-bipyramidal configuration. The Ni atom is chelated by a dianionic penta-dentate Schiff base via the pyridine N atom, the two azomethine N atoms and the two sulfonyl O atoms. The latter coordinate to Ni at different distances, viz.

Mapping human genetic diversity in Asia.

Asia harbors substantial cultural and linguistic diversity, but the geographic structure of genetic variation across the continent remains enigmatic. Here we report a large-scale survey of autosomal variation from a broad geographic sample of Asian human populations. Our results show that genetic ancestry is strongly correlated with linguistic affiliations as well as geography.

Wound healing activities of rafflesia hasseltii extract in rats.

The effects of topical application of Rafflesia hasseltii buds and flowers extract on the rate of wound healing and histology of healed wound were assessed. Four groups of adult male Sprague Dawley rats were experimentally wounded in the posterior neck area. A thin layer of blank placebo was applied topically to wounds of Group 1 rats.

Functional subtypes of renal alpha1-adrenoceptor in spontaneously hypertensive rats with streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetic nephropathy.

Aim: This study investigated the impact of hypertension combined with diabetic nephropathy on rat renal alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtype composition.

Methods: In streptozotocin-induced diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), diabetic nephropathy developed as reflected by increased kidney index, plasma creatinine, albumin excretion, creatinine clearance and fractional excretion of Na(+) (all p < 0.05).

Leukocyte apheresis in the management of ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the colon and rectum. Its pathogenesis is probably multifactorial including the influx of certain cytokines into the colonic mucosa, causing disease activity and relapse. The hypothesis of removing such cytokines from the circulation by leukocytapheresis was implemented to reduce disease activity, maintain remission, and prevent relapse.

Maternal and perinatal outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) treated with sodium stibogluconate in eastern Sudan.

Objective: To investigate maternal and perinatal outcomes when pregnant women with visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also known as kala-azar) are treated with the antimonial sodium stibogluconate.

Method: Forty-two pregnant women with VL were treated with sodium stibogluconate at Gadarif Hospital, Gadarif, Sudan, and mother and child were followed up for 1 year.

Results: The treatment began at a mean+/-SD of 24.

Minimally invasive radionuclide-guided parathyroidectomy using 99mTc-sestamibi in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: a single-institution experience.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and usefulness of (99m)Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy and gamma probe localization of parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and establish radio-guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy at Hussain Makki Al Jumma Center for Specialized Surgery, Kuwait.

Subjects And Methods: Twelve patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (mean age: 48 +/- 14 years; median age: 46 years; age range: 29-68 years) were evaluated. The diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism was established by elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels.

Drug discovery for schistosomiasis: hit and lead compounds identified in a library of known drugs by medium-throughput phenotypic screening.

Background: Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only widely available drug to treat schistosomiasis. Given the potential for drug resistance, it is prudent to search for novel therapeutics. Identification of anti-schistosomal chemicals has traditionally relied on phenotypic (whole organism) screening with adult worms in vitro and/or animal models of disease-tools that limit automation and throughput with modern microtiter plate-formatted compound libraries.

Chronic treatment with losartan and carvedilol differentially modulates renal vascular responses to sympathomimetics compared to treatment with individual agents in normal Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

This study set out to investigate the impact of chronic cumulative blockade of angiotensin II and adrenoceptors in WKY and SHR and to explore how the renovascular responses to adrenergic and angiotensin II receptor agonists may be interdependent. Rats were treated with either losartan, carvedilol or losartan+carvedilol for 7 days and on day eight, animals were pentobarbitone anaesthetized and prepared for renal haemodynamic study. Dose-response relationships were determined in terms of reduction/elevation in the magnitude of renal blood flow in response to intrarenal arterial injection of dopamine, phenylephrine and isoprenaline.

Safety of artemisinins during early pregnancy, assessed in 62 Sudanese women.

Between June 2006 and October 2008, the safety of artemisinins during early human pregnancy was assessed in central-eastern Sudan. Pregnant women in the first or second trimester who were attending antenatal-care clinics at the Wad Medani, Gadarif and New Halfa hospitals were interviewed. Each was asked if they had had malaria in the first trimester of the index pregnancy and, if so, what treatment they had received.

Influence of sympathetic and AT-receptor blockade on angiotensin II and adrenergic agonist-induced renal vasoconstrictions in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Aim: This study investigated the influence of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor and adrenergic blockade on the renal vasoconstrictions caused by Ang II and adrenergic agonists in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods: Forty-eight SHR were subjected to 7 days of losartan (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Iraqi mothers and family child-caring women regarding breastfeeding.

We assessed breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes and practices of 3413 Iraqi mothers and adult female relatives in the same household and their association with sociodemographic characteristics. The majority of the women (73.1%) initiated breastfeeding early after delivery, 92.

The marine sponge Diacarnus bismarckensis as a source of peroxiterpene inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of sleeping sickness.

Human African trypanosomiasis, also known as African sleeping sickness, is a neglected tropical disease with inadequate therapeutic options. We have launched a collaborative new lead discovery venture using our repository of extracts and natural product compounds as input into our growth inhibition primary screen against Trypanosoma brucei. Careful evaluation of the spectral data of the natural products and derivatives allowed for the elucidation of the absolute configuration (using the modified Mosher's method) of two new peroxiterpenes: (+)-muqubilone B (1a) and (-)-ent-muqubilone (3a).

Histone deacetylase inhibition improves differentiation of dendritic cells from leukemic blasts of patients with TEL/AML1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HdI) could potentially improve the differentiation of leukemic dendritic cells (DC). Therefore, bone marrow samples from 100 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were cultured in the cytokines TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, c-kit ligand, and fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, with or without IL-3 and -4 and after administration of HdI valproic acid (VAL), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), isobutyramid, or trichostatin A. Among the tested samples, 25 were positive for the chromosomal translocation t(12;21), encoding the fusion gene translocation ETS-like leukemia/acute myeloid leukemia 1 (TEL/AML1).

3,4,5-Trihydr-oxy-N'-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)methyl-idene]benzohydrazide.

The structure of the title compound, C(17)H(15)N(3)O(4), displays inter-molecular O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding between adjacent mol-ecules. Intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds also occur. The molecule is essentially planar with a deviation of 0.

N'-(2,4-Dimethoxy-benzyl-idene)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzohydrazide ethanol solvate.

The title compound, C(16)H(16)N(2)O(6)·C(2)H(5)OH, was synthesized from 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoyl-hydrazide and 2,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde in ethanol. The compound is not planar, with the two aromatic planes of the two aromatic rings twisted by 15.6 (1)°.

3,4,5-Trihydr-oxy-N'-(1H-indol-2-ylmethyl-idene)benzohydrazide-1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde azine-methanol (2/1/2).

The title compound, 2C(16)H(13)N(3)O(4)·C(18)H(14)N(4)·2CH(4)O, was crystallized from the reaction between 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoyl-hydrazine and indole-2-carbaldehyde in a mixture of ethanol and methanol. The compound is a stoichiometric 2:1 cocrystal of the methanol-solvated reaction product, 3,4,5-trihydr-oxy-N'-(1H-indol-2-ylmethyl-idene)benzohydrazide and 1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde azine that arose unexpectedly during the synthesis. The former mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and also by π-π stacking inter-actions between benzoyl-hydrazide rings into a two-dimensional network.

A second monoclinic polymorph of 2-(diformyl-methyl-idene)-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(13)H(13)NO(2), is a polymorph of the structure first reported by Helliwell et al. [Acta Cryst. (2006), E62, o737-o738].

RNA interference of Trypanosoma brucei cathepsin B and L affects disease progression in a mouse model.

We investigated the roles played by the cysteine proteases cathepsin B and cathepsin L (brucipain) in the pathogenesis of Trypansoma brucei brucei in both an in vivo mouse model and an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. Doxycycline induction of RNAi targeting cathepsin B led to parasite clearance from the bloodstream and prevent a lethal infection in the mice. In contrast, all mice infected with T.

Inhibition of Ang II and renal sympathetic nerve influence dopamine-and isoprenaline-induced renal haemodynamic changes in normal Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

1. This study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with losartan, and acute unilateral renal denervation on renal haemodynamic responses to intrarenal administration of vasoconstrictor doses of dopamine and vasodilator doses of isoprenaline in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 2.

Effect of acute unilateral renal denervation on renal hemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

1 This study was undertaken to characterize the renal responses to acute unilateral renal denervation in anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by examining the effect of acute unilateral renal denervation on the renal hemodynamic responses to a set of vasoactive agents and renal nerve stimulation. 2 Twenty-four male SHR rats underwent acute unilateral renal denervation and the denervation was confirmed by significant drop (P < 0.05) in renal vasoconstrictor response to renal nerve stimulation along with marked diuresis and natriuresis following denervation.

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of some newly synthesized pyridinedicarbonitrile and benzopyranopyridine derivatives.

In continuation of our search for new substituted pyridine based anti-inflammatories, reaction of 1-(2-thienyl or furanyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-ones (1) with malononitrile in alcoholic KOH solution afforded a mixture of 4-alkoxy-2-(2-thienyl or furanyl)-5H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridine-5-ones (2) and 2-alkoxy-4-amino-6- (2-thienyl or furanyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitriles (3). Some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities compared to diclofenac potassium as positive control. Detailed synthesis, spectroscopic and toxicity data are reported.

New steroidal derivatives synthesized using 3beta-hydroxyandrosten-17-one as starting material.

In this study, we synthesized some new substituted steroidal derivatives using 3beta-hydroxyandrosten-17-one (dehydroepiandrosterone) as starting material. The synthesized steroidal derivatives 1-11 were evaluated for their androgenic-anabolic activities compared to testosterone as positive control. Details of the synthesis, spectroscopic data and toxicity (LD50) of synthesized compounds are reported.