Circulating Isthmin-1 Levels and Their Relationship with Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases in Kuwaiti Adults.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with significant alterations in various metabolic biomarkers. Isthmin-1 (Ism1) has recently emerged as a potential marker of metabolic health and was shown in animal studies to associate with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the circulatory levels of Ism1 in individuals with obesity compared to non-obese individuals and evaluate their association with insulin resistance, MAFLD, and T2D.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Adult Residents of Riyadh Regarding Sunstrokes.

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adult residents in the city of Riyadh regarding sunstrokes and identify the preferred channel for spreading awareness about sunstrokes among this population. Methods This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design targeting Riyadh city residents aged 18 and older. A multistage random sampling technique was used, resulting in a sample size of 681 participants.

Comparative Effectiveness of Health Communication Strategies in Nursing: A Mixed Methods Study of Internet, mHealth, and Social Media Versus Traditional Methods.

Background: Effective communication is vital in health care, especially for nursing students who are the future of health care delivery. In Iraq's nursing education landscape, characterized by challenges such as resource constraints and infrastructural limitations, understanding communication modalities is crucial.

Objective: This mixed methods study conducted in 2 nursing colleges aims to explore and compare the effectiveness of health communication on the web, through mobile health (mHealth) applications, and via social media among nursing students in Iraq.

Effect of weight-maintaining ketogenic diet on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in obese T2D subjects.

Introduction: Low carbohydrate ketogenic diets have received renewed interest for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These diets promote weight loss, improve glycemic control, and reduce insulin resistance. However, whether the improvements in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity are secondary to the weight loss or result from a direct effect of hyperketonemia is controversial.

Pre-Prediabetes: Insulin Resistance is Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk in Non-obese Patients (STOP DIABETES).

Background/aim: To examine if insulin resistance is associated with markers of glycemic, cardiometabolic and atherosclerotic risk in non-obese, non-prediabetic individuals compared to insulin sensitive subjects matched for BMI, gender, and age.

Methods: Of 1860 patients from STOP DIABETES study, 624 had normal fasting plasma glucose, body mass index < 30, and HbA1c < 5.7%.

Managing insulin resistance: the forgotten pathophysiological component of type 2 diabetes.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have gained widespread use in the treatment of individuals with type 2 diabetes because of their potent weight loss promoting effect, ability to augment β-cell function, and cardiovascular protective effects. However, despite causing impressive weight loss, GLP-1 receptor agonists do not normalise insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity, and the long-term effects of this class of antidiabetic medication on muscle mass, frailty, and bone density have been poorly studied. Although GLP-1 receptor agonists improve insulin sensitivity secondary to weight loss, the only true direct insulin-sensitising drugs are thiazolidinediones.

The effect of a nurse-led low carbohydrate regimen on anthropometric and laboratory parameters of patients with metabolic syndrome: a quasi-experimental study.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a global health concern. It is a condition that includes a cluster of various risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This quasi-experimental study investigates the effect of a nurse-led low-carbohydrate regimen on anthropometric and laboratory parameters in metabolic syndrome patients.

Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the growth, hemato-biochemical, inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress markers, involved gens and histopathological alterations in growing rabbits challenged with aflatoxin B1.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a significant pollutant found in food and feed, posing a threat to public health. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LACP) against AFB1 in growing rabbits by investigating growth, serum metabolites, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory response. A total of 60 growing male rabbits (721.

Ethnic Variations in the Levels of Bone Biomarkers (Osteoprostegerin, Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand and Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B) in People with Type 2 Diabetes.

The global incidence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is on the rise, fueled by factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyles, socio-economic factors, and ethnic backgrounds. T2D is a multifaceted condition often associated with various health complications, including adverse effects on bone health. This study aims to assess key biomarkers linked to bone health and remodeling-Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand (RANKL), and Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B (GPNMB)-among individuals with diabetes while exploring the impact of ethnicity on these biomarkers.

An Unusual Presentation of Erythema Multiforme Following the Administration of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in a Pediatric Patient.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a global calamity that forced emergency use authorization to Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (BNT162b2) vaccine. It is efficacious in preventing symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in seronegative recipients. The safety profile is still unclear; however, commonly reported symptoms post-vaccination are fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, and injection-site pain.

Natural products for managing metabolic syndrome: a scoping review.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome comprises a collection of metabolic disorders stemming from factors like genetic predisposition, inadequate nutrition, stress, decreased physical activity, aging, and ethnicity. Although traditional pharmaceutical treatments exist for metabolic syndrome, their limited popularity is attributed to high costs and adverse effects. Consequently, natural products with fewer side effects have been explored for managing this condition.

Evaluating the correlation of sclerostin levels with obesity and type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic population living in Kuwait.

Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are intricate metabolic disorders with a multifactorial etiology, often leading to a spectrum of complications. Recent research has highlighted the impact of these conditions on bone health, with a particular focus on the role of sclerostin (SOST), a protein molecule integral to bone metabolism. Elevated circulating levels of SOST have been observed in patients with T2DM compared to healthy individuals.

Real-world effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients without diabetes, with and without albuminuria.

Aim: To examine the renal effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition among non-diabetic individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a real-world setting.

Methods: We collected de-identified data on adults without diabetes and with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25-60 mL/min/1.73 m, who initiated the SGLT2 inhibitors dapagliflozin or empagliflozin between September 2020 and November 2022 at Maccabi Healthcare Services, an Israeli health maintenance organization.

International Diabetes Federation Position Statement on the 1-hour post-load plasma glucose for the diagnosis of intermediate hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes.

Many individuals with intermediate hyperglycaemia (IH), including impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), as presently defined, will progress to type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is confirmatory evidence that T2D can be prevented by lifestyle modification and/or medications, in people with IGT diagnosed by 2-h plasma glucose (PG) during a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Over the last 40 years, a wealth of epidemiological data has confirmed the superior value of 1-h plasma glucose (PG) over fasting PG (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA) and 2-h PG in populations of different ethnicity, sex and age in predicting diabetes and associated complications including death.

Isoform Switching Regulates the Response to Ionizing Radiation Through SRSF1.

Purpose: This study investigated how isoform switching affects the cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR), an understudied area despite its relevance to radiation therapy in cancer treatment. We aimed to identify changes in transcript isoform expression post-IR exposure and the proteins mediating these changes, with a focus on their potential to modulate radiosensitivity.

Methods And Materials: Using RNA sequencing, we analyzed the B-cell lines derived from 10 healthy individuals at 3 timepoints, applying the mixture of isoforms algorithm to quantify alternative splicing.

The clinical and neuroimaging differences between vascular parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease: a case-control study.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) and vascular parkinsonism (VaP) have highly overlapping phenotypes, and different prognosis. This study comprehensively investigated the clinical, brain MRI and transcranial sonography differences between VaP and PD.

Methods: Forty-eight patients with PD, 27 patients with VaP, and 29 healthy controls were compared.

Empagliflozin Reduces Liver Fat in Individuals With and Without Diabetes.

Objective: To examine the effect of empagliflozin on liver fat content in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the relationship between the decrease in liver fat and other metabolic actions of empagliflozin.

Research Design And Methods: Thirty individuals with T2D and 27 without were randomly assigned to receive in double-blind fashion empagliflozin or matching placebo (2:1 ratio) for 12 weeks. Participants underwent 75-g oral glucose tolerance testing and measurement of liver fat content with MRS before therapy and at study end.

Reproducibility and Repeatability of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI Acquisition Methods in Liver.

Background: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion weighted MRI (DWI) has potential for evaluating hepatic fibrosis but image acquisition technique influence on diffusion parameter estimation bears investigation.

Purpose: To minimize variability and maximize repeatably in abdominal DWI in terms of IVIM parameter estimates.

Study Type: Prospective test-retest and image quality comparison.

Proteome dataset of Candida albicans (ATCC10231) opaque cell.

Objectives: Candida albicans, a polymorphic yeast, is one of the most common, opportunistic fungal pathogens of humans. Among the different morphological forms, opaque form is one of the least-studied ones. This opaque phenotype is essential for mating and is also reported to be involved in colonizing the gastrointestinal tract.

A Rare Twist: Spleen Rupture in Plasmodium vivax Malaria.

Plasmodium vivax malaria is known for its recurring febrile episodes, typically considered less severe than its counterparts. This case study presents a distinctive case of a 22-year-old male from a malaria-endemic region, experiencing spleen rupture and infarction as rare complications of vivax malaria. We explore the uncommon aspects of this case, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and tailored management.