Elevated levels of CD56+ T Cells, CD16+ CD56+ T Cells, and CD56dim NK Cells in herpes simplex virus type 1 seropositive healthy individuals.

Objectives: To investigate the numbers of natural killer (NK) cells, CD56+ T-cells and CD56- T cells, and the levels ofCD16 in healthy individuals seropositive for herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1). Specifically, it seeks to measure the levels of these cells to learn about the possible immunological significance during HSV-1 seropositive status.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional research design to examine the levels of CD56+ T-cells and CD16+ among individuals seropositive for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in Taif city.

Synthesis and multifaceted evaluation of novel AgCZ nanocomposite for targeted anti-angiogenic cancer therapy.

Angiogenesis is the formation of blood vessels from the existing vasculature, which is important in the tumor growth where the metastatic spread, of cancer cells depends on an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of waste products. Targeting angiogenesis has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. This study presents the synthesis and evaluation of a novel Ag-CeO-ZnO (AgCZ) nanocomposite designed to specifically inhibit angiogenesis for effective cancer therapy.

Determining the Optimal Short-Term Storage Duration for T Cells Extracted from Peripheral Blood Prior Flow Cytometry Analysis.

Background: Researching medical sample storage is crucial for maintaining the integrity of biological specimens and ensuring the accuracy of research investigations and diagnostic tests. Improper storage conditions can lead to sample degradation, compromising the reliability of results. Standardized storage procedures are essential for quality control, particularly in multicenter trials where samples are collected and processed at various locations.

In Silico and ADMET Studies of Spiro-Quinazoline Compounds as Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitors Against Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment resulting from the degeneration and death of brain neurons. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are used in primary pharmacotherapy for numerous neurodegenerative conditions, providing their capacity to modulate acetylcholine levels crucial for cognitive function. Recently, quinazoline derivatives have emerged as a compelling model for neurodegenerative disease treatment, showcasing promising pharmacological features.

Increased Activation Markers of Adaptive Immunity in Patients with Severe COVID-19.

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease and is widespread over the world. This disease shows a 5.1% mortality.

The Prevalence of Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases Among Blood Donors in the Central Blood Bank in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Background This study aimed to analyze the health and demographic characteristics of blood donors in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, and assess the prevalence and correlation of two markers related to hepatitis B infection: hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis B virus surface antibody (HBsAb). Materials and methods The study used a retrospective design and collected data from the Central Blood Bank in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, in 2022. The sample size was 7,875 blood donors.

Green Synthetic Methods of Oxazine and Thiazine Scaffolds as Promising Medicinal Compounds: A Mini-review.

Medical researchers have paid close attention to the green synthesis of oxazine and thiazine derivatives since they provided a lead molecule for the creation of numerous possible bioactive compounds. This review provides more information on green synthesis, which will be very helpful to researchers in creating the most effective, affordable, and clinically significant thiazine and oxazine derivatives that are anticipated to have strong pharmacological effects. This has resulted in the identification of several substances with a wide range of intriguing biological functions.

Application of nanomaterials as potential quorum quenchers for disease: Recent advances and challenges.

Chemical signal molecules are used by bacteria to interact with one another. Small hormone-like molecules known as autoinducers are produced, released, detected, and responded to during chemical communication. Quorum Sensing (QS) is the word for this procedure; it allows bacterial populations to communicate and coordinate group behavior.

Computational Studies and Antimicrobial Activity of 1-(benzo[d]oxazol-2- yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan Derivatives.

Background: Due to the biological importance of the benzoxazole derivatives, some 1- (benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-formazans 4a-f were synthesized and screened for in-silico studies and antibacterial activity.

Methods: The benzo[d]oxazole-2-thiol (1) was prepared by reacting with 2-aminophenol and carbon disulfide in the presence of alcoholic potassium hydroxide. Then 2-hydrazinylbenzo[d] oxazole (2) was synthesized from the reaction of compound 1 with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of alcohol.

Highlights on the Development, Related Patents, and Prospects of Lenacapavir: The First-in-Class HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multi-Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Infection.

The multidrug-resistant (MDR) human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is an unmet medical need. HIV-1 capsid plays an important role at different stages of the HIV-1 replication cycle and is an attractive drug target for developing therapies against MDR HIV-1 infection. Lenacapavir (LEN) is the first-in-class HIV-1 capsid inhibitor approved by the USFDA, EMA, and Health Canada for treating MDR HIV-1 infection.

Atorvastatin and Fluvastatin Potentiate Blood Pressure Lowering Effect of Amlodipine through Vasorelaxant Phenomenon.

We have recently reported that stains have calcium channel blocking activity in isolated jejunal preparations. In this study, we examined the effects of atorvastatin and fluvastatin on blood vessels for a possible vasorelaxant effect. We also studied the possible additional vasorelaxant effect of atorvastatin and fluvastatin, in the presence of amlodipine, to quantify its effects on the systolic blood pressure of experimental animals.

Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Human Cytomegalovirus pUL89 Endonuclease Using Integrated Computational Approaches.

Replication of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) requires the presence of a metal-dependent endonuclease at the C-terminus of pUL89, in order to properly pack and cleave the viral genome. Therefore, pUL89 is an attractive target to design anti-CMV intervention. Herein, we used integrated structure-based and ligand-based virtual screening approaches in combination with MD simulation for the identification of potential metal binding small molecule antagonist of pUL89.

g-CN Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives.

Industrial effluents containing dyes are the dominant pollutants, making the drinking water unfit. Among the dyes, methylene orange (MO) dye is mutagenic, carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic organisms. Therefore, its removal from water bodies through effective and economical approach is gaining increased attention in the last decades.

Green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles and its antibacterial properties.

Magnesium oxide nanostructured particles (NP) were prepared using a simple solution combustion technique using different leaf extracts such as (Mango - Ma), (Neem-Ne), and (Papaya-Pa) as surfactants. The highly crystalline phase of MgO nanostructures was confirmed by PXRD and FTIR studies for 2 h 500°C calcined samples. To analyze the characteristics of obtained material-MaNP, NeNP, and PaNP for dosimetry applications, thermoluminescence (TL) studies were carried out for Co-60 gamma rays irradiated samples in the dose range 10-50 KGy; PaNP and NeNP exhibited well-defined glow curve when compared with MaNP samples.

Phenotypical evaluation of lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To evaluate the levels of total lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes (CD19+), T-lymphocytes (CD3+), natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-/CD56+), and monocyte subsets in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Saudi Arabia. In addition, this study aimed to evaluate whether B- and T-lymphocyte subsets are frequently altered in patients with T2DM.

Methods: A case-control study included 95 participants recruited in the study: 62 patients with T2DM and 33 healthy individuals.

In Silico Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies in the Identification of Natural Compound Inhibitors Targeting the Human Norovirus RdRp Protein to Fight Gastroenteritis.

Norovirus (HNoV) is a leading cause of gastroenteritis globally, and there are currently no treatment options or vaccines available to combat it. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), one of the viral proteins that direct viral replication, is a feasible target for therapeutic development. Despite the discovery of a small number of HNoV RdRp inhibitors, the majority of them have been found to possess a little effect on viral replication, owing to low cell penetrability and drug-likeness.

Assessing the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccine in different scenarios in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To assess the different side effects of COVID-19 vaccines at different scenarios in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study sought to investigate the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines through an online survey of 2,718 participants in Saudi Arabia.

Results: People can manage their expectations about vaccine side effects and deal with symptoms better by knowing beforehand that they are likely to experience mild side effects for a short period, symptoms that are manifested regardless of age, and infection before or after vaccination.

Identification of human immunodeficiency virus -1 E protein-targeting lead compounds by pharmacophore based screening.

Objectives: To identify potential compounds by seeking the knowledge of molecular interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) glycoprotein (gp) 120 protein and anti-HIV drug (BMS-488043).

Methods: This study is a computational structure-based drug design study, carried out at University of Taif, Saudi Arabia and African Genome Centre (AGC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco from January 2021 to March 2022. Initially, using the docked structure of gp120 with BMS-488043, a structure-based pharmacophore model was created.

Structural Homology-Based Drug Repurposing Approach for Targeting NSP12 SARS-CoV-2.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, also known as SARS-CoV-2, is the causative agent of the COVID-19 global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has a highly conserved non-structural protein 12 (NSP-12) involved in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. For the identification of potential inhibitors for NSP-12, computational approaches such as the identification of homologous proteins that have been previously targeted by FDA-approved antivirals can be employed.

Molecular Mimicry Analyses Unveiled the Human Herpes Simplex and Poxvirus Epitopes as Possible Candidates to Incite Autoimmunity.

Clinical epidemiological studies have reported that viral infections cause autoimmune pathology in humans. Host-pathogen protein sequences and structure-based molecular mimicry cause autoreactive T cells to cross-activate. The aim of the current study was to implement immunoinformatics approaches to infer sequence- and structure-based molecular mimicry between viral and human proteomic datasets.

Seroprevalence of IgM and IgG Against SARS-CoV-2 after Two Doses of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in Women with Breast Cancer.

Background: This study evaluates the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination from women with breast cancer in Jazan city Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, antibody detections were performed one month and three months after the administration of the second dose.

Methods: Overall, 103 breast cancer patients were included. Individuals who had had two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, patients who were earlier diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, had not finalized immunization plan, or who received the second dose recently were excluded from the study.

Core Proteomics and Immunoinformatic Approaches to Design a Multiepitope Reverse Vaccine Candidate against Chagas Disease.

Chagas disease is a tropical ailment indigenous to South America and caused by the protozoan parasite , which has serious health consequences globally. Insect vectors transmit the parasite and, due to the lack of vaccine availability and limited treatment options, we implemented an integrated core proteomics analysis to design a reverse vaccine candidate based on immune epitopes for disease control. Firstly, core proteomics was used to identify immunodominant epitopes.

Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils Isolated from the Leaves of and .

The current studies were focused on the phytochemical profiling of two local wild Artemisia species, Artemisia scoparia and Artemisia absinthium leaves’ essential oils, extracted via the hydro distillation method along with evaluation of their antioxidant as well as antimicrobial effects. The constituents of EOs were identified using a combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) technique. A total of 25 compounds in A.

Evaluation of CD4+:CD8+ Ratio in Patients With Cervical Cancer and the Levels of Inflammatory Markers.

Background/aim: Cervical cancer remains a major public health concern. The ratio of CD4+:CD8+ T-cells is used to evaluate the immune system function. This study aimed to explore the CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio in relation to the glycemic status, inflammatory markers, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 in patients with early diagnosed cervical cancer.