Radiative impact of record-breaking wildfires from integrated ground-based data.

The radiative effects of wildfires have been traditionally estimated by models using radiative transfer calculations. Assessment of model-predicted radiative effects commonly involves information on observation-based aerosol optical properties. However, lack or incompleteness of this information for dense plumes generated by intense wildfires reduces substantially the applicability of this assessment.

Adaptations to the welsh national exercise referral scheme during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of service users and providers and supplementary out-of-pocket cost analysis.

Background: Despite the proliferation of exercise referral schemes in the UK, evidence on their efficacy is equivocal. The Welsh National Exercise Referral Scheme (NERS) is heavily used but inequalities in uptake have been reported. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, NERS was initially suspended and then transitioned from standard face-to-face delivery to alternative remote methods, including virtual delivery.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Turner Syndrome Mosaicism: A Case Report.

Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder affecting females characterized by the partial or complete absence of one X chromosome. The pathogenesis of Turner syndrome primarily arises from chromosomal nondisjunction during gametogenesis, leading to various genotypic presentations. The most common genotype is 45, XO, representing a monosomy of the X chromosome.

Prenatal Clinical Presentation and Genetic Analysis of Partial Trisomy 12: A Case Report.

Trisomy 12 is a rare chromosomal abnormality characterized by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 12 in some or all cells. This condition can present with a variety of phenotypic manifestations, depending on the extent of mosaicism and the specific genes involved. Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 12 is challenging due to its variable presentation and potential overlap with other chromosomal abnormalities.

Novel Variation in the External Carotid Artery: Implications for Clinical and Surgical Practice.

The external carotid artery (ECA) is a major branched artery that supplies head and neck structures. An undocumented variation of the ECA was discovered during cadaveric dissection of the anterolateral cervical region, in which a common origin for the ascending pharyngeal, facial, and lingual arteries was identified. In addition, bilateral, duplicate ascending pharyngeal arteries (APAs) were identified at the aforementioned common trunk and the bifurcation of the external and internal carotid arteries.

Moving an exercise referral scheme to remote delivery during the Covid-19 pandemic: an observational study examining the impact on uptake, adherence, and costs.

Background: Exercise Referral Schemes (ERSs) have been implemented across Western nations to stimulate an increase in adult physical activity but evidence of their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness is equivocal. Poor ERS uptake and adherence can have a negative impact on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness and, if patterned by socio-demographic factors, can also introduce or widen health inequalities. Different modes of ERS delivery have the potential to reduce costs and enhance uptake and adherence.

A realist evaluation of community champion and participatory action approaches during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health teams tried several approaches to circulate accurate health information and engage with community members to understand what they need from public health services. Two such approaches were community champions and community participatory action research (CPAR). This study evaluates two champion programmes and a CPAR programme in terms of what worked, for whom, and in what contexts, including the funding and resourcing associated with implementation.

Novel Variations in the Celiac and Hepatobiliary Arterial Anatomy: A Cadaveric Case Report.

The celiac trunk and hepatobiliary anatomy often display variations in origin and branching patterns. A particularly rare variant involving the cystic artery giving rise to a common trunk for the supraduodenal and an aberrant right gastric artery, with an additional accessory right gastric artery originating from the splenic artery, has not been previously documented. We report a unique variation in the branching pattern of the celiac trunk and the cystic artery revealed during routine dissection of the hepatobiliary region of a male cadaver at Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport.

Four Tendinous Slips of Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon: A Case Report.

Interindividual variability presents a rich field of study in medical sciences. During a cadaveric dissection at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, a rare anatomical variation was discovered in the pedal anatomy of a female cadaver. Medical students, while dissecting the sole of the foot, identified a variant tendinous structure.

Community interventions for pandemic preparedness: A scoping review of pandemic preparedness lessons from HIV, COVID-19, and other public health emergencies of international concern.

Community action is broadly recognised as central to comprehensive and effective system responses to pandemics. However, there is uncertainty about how and where communities can be best supported to bolster long-term resilience and preparedness. We applied a typology of community interventions (Community Informing, Consulting, Involving, Collaborating or Empowering-or CICICE) to cover the diverse range of interventions identified across the literature and used this to structure a scoping review addressing three linked topics: (i) how CICICE interventions have been understood and applied in the literature on epidemic and pandemic preparedness; (ii) the spectrum of interventions that have been implemented to strengthen CICICE and (iii) what evidence is available on their effectiveness in influencing preparedness for current and future emergencies.