Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Findings, Management, and Outcome of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children at a Tertiary Care Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Numerous studies worldwide have reported COVID-19 in children; however, the clinical symptoms and consequences of COVID-19 in children have only been reported in a few studies in Saudi and gulf region. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in children and the therapeutic interventions used.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 96 patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection aged ≤14 years who were admitted to a tertiary governmental care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between March 2020 and November 2020.

ATP8B1, ABCB11, and ABCB4 Genes Defects: Novel Mutations Associated with Cholestasis with Different Phenotypes and Outcomes.

Objectives: To characterize the clinical, laboratory, histologic, molecular features, and outcome of gene-confirmed progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) 1-3 among Arabs and to evaluate for "genotype-phenotype" correlations.

Study Design: We retrospectively reviewed charts of 65 children (ATP8B1 defect = 5, ABCB11 = 35, ABCB4 = 25) who presented between 2008 and 2019 with cholestasis. The clinical phenotype of a disease was categorized based on response of cholestasis and itching to ursodeoxycholic acid and ultimate outcome, into mild (complete response), intermediate (partial response, nonprogressive), and severe (progression to end-stage liver disease).