Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening and Management: History and Current Advances.

Aim: Regular screening of large number of people with diabetes for diabetic retinopathy (DR) with the support of available human resources alone is a global challenge. Digital health innovation is a boon in screening for DR. Multiple artificial intelligence (AI)-based deep learning (DL) algorithms have shown promise for accurate diagnosis of referable DR (RDR).